Issue 2025 No. 3 (84)

The active development of the domestic extractive and refining oil industry, which began in the last quarter of the 19th century, set the task of transporting increasing volumes of oil and oil products. The supply of oil industry products to the domestic market of the country occurred from the Baku ... seaport along the Volga-Caspian transport corridor, as well as by land transport using the expanding railway network. It is noted that competition among oil producers and the beginning of the export of oil and oil products contributed to the attraction of engineering achievements to production, as well as the search for the most cost-effective methods of oil transportation, which became pipeline transport. The aim of the study is to analyze the role of pipeline infrastructure in organizing the transportation of oil and oil products along the Volga-Caspian transport corridor in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. A set of published legislative and statutory documents, as well as office and statistical materials from the funds of the State Archive of the Astrakhan Region and local periodicals were used as a source base. It is stated that the use of local oil pipelines (field oil pipelines) by large trading and industrial firms significantly reduced the time and cost of transportation, contributed to the displacement of horse-drawn transport and the expansion of the infrastructure of the Volga-Caspian transport corridor for the organization of loading and pumping of oil and oil products, an increase in the capacity of key waterways and railways, and an increase in oil cargo turnover.
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In recent decades, everything related to the history of the Chechen people has aroused keen interest and discussion in scientific and parascientific spheres. One such topic is the history of the Chechen Cavalry Division during the Civil War, which non-specialists confuse with the famous Caucasian Na ... tive Division (“Wild”), which participated in the First World War and was disbanded after the events of 1917. Chechen Cavalry Division – a unit formed during the Civil War, largely by forced mobilization and included in the Armed Forces of the South of Russia (VSYR) under the command of A. I. Denikin. She participated in the so-called Steppe Campaign in the Lower Volga region, then was sent to fight with Makhno's units, then to the Crimea. The goal is based on the memories of D. L. De Witta – a young officer of the Lieutenant Guard of the Dragoon Regiment and other sources to illuminate the little-known pages of this cavalry unit. Methods of research – historical-genetic (tracing the stages of creation and transformation), comparative-historical analysis, social-psychological approach (study of the motivation of Chechen horsemen, their relations with the command and the local population), local history (details of the environment in the mountains recruitment of volunteers, taking into account the peculiarities of Chechen society). The experience of 1919–1920 clearly demonstrated that the successful use of national formations requires not only a military, but also a political strategy that takes into account the peculiarities of mentality and social organization.
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The article analyzes the development of a plan of military operations for the Russian Imperial Navy in the Black Sea theater by Admiral V. S. Sarnavsky on the eve of World War I. The aim of the study was to characterize the plans of the Russian naval command in the Black Sea. It is shown that the de ... veloper of the said plan, Admiral V. S. Sarnavsky, who participated in two wars (the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 and the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905), served in all major naval formations of the Russian Empire during his naval career. For several years on the eve of World War I, Admiral V. S. Sarnavsky held senior command positions in the Black Sea Fleet and, thanks to his professional experience, was able to create a plan of military operations in the Black Sea naval theater in the event of an impending war. Using materials from the funds of the Russian State Archive of the Navy, the features of the Russian command's plan for the future war in the Black Sea naval theater are revealed. It is noted that Admiral V. S. Sarnavsky's plan was drawn up in the context of the foreign policy confrontation between two military blocs, the Entente and the Triple Alliance, on the eve of World War I, and the admiral's strategy was aimed at implementing the plans of the Russian Empire to control the Black Sea straits.
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The article examines the problem of organizing the defense of the Grozny oil region in the first years of the Great Patriotic War. It is shown that from the very beginning of the war, the Grozny oil industry was considered by the German command as an important trophy and a springboard for advancing ... to the Baku oil region. The work analyzes the plans of the German leadership to capture the North Caucasus - a strategically important geopolitical region – and use its natural resources, in particular, oil fields. Based on archival material and published documents, the authors prove that due to the effective work of the central authorities, including the State Defense Committee, the actions of the Red Army and the labor feat of the residents of Grozny, who defended the city and its oil infrastructure in extreme military conditions, the plans of the German fascist command to capture the Grozny and Baku oil regions were thwarted. It is noted that due to the evacuation of oil industry enterprises from Grozny to the Volga and Central Asian regions, as well as the adoption of necessary measures to prevent oil fields from falling into enemy hands, the production potential of the Grozny oil industry was preserved, which allowed already during the Great Patriotic War to begin the restoration of destroyed fields, reconstruct and restart oil refineries to ensure an uninterrupted supply of fuel and lubricants to the front.
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The relevance of the study stems from the fact that, amid catastrophic famine and total mobilization, the food supply for Leningrad’s workers became not only a matter of survival but also a key factor in the city’s defense capabilities. As the primary industrial center, Leningrad supplied the front ... with armaments, and the physical condition of its workers directly influenced the outcome of the war. The study is also relevant because it reveals the mechanisms of state regulation under extreme conditions, where food distribution was a military-strategic task. The aim of the study is to analyze the food supply system for workers at industrial enterprises in besieged Leningrad, the mechanisms of state-regulated resource allocation, their impact on labor productivity and workers’ physical condition, as well as the reconstruction of their daily lives under famine conditions. The research is based on documents from archives of Saint Petersburg, which helped reconstruct the public catering system, identify supply issues, and examine survival strategies. The study employs comparative-historical, statistical, source analysis, and structural-diachronic methods to trace the dynamics of food supply, reconstruct workers’ diets, and compare their situation with that of other social groups during the siege. The findings demonstrate that, despite strict rationing and prioritized distribution, food supplies for workers in blockaded Leningrad remained insufficient, leading to mass starvation, declining productivity, and social transformations. However, the network of hospitals and canteens played a crucial role in maintaining minimal workforce viability, serving both as a survival tool and an instrument of political control.
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The article examines the implementation of the active suffrage of disabled persons deprived of legal capacity, analyzes legislative measures and practical mechanisms to ensure it. Special attention is paid to the issues of accessibility, inclusion and participation of persons with disabilities in pu ... blic and political life, as well as the world experience in implementing the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in terms of ensuring access to voting for all categories of persons with disabilities. The methodological basis of the research includes historical, conceptual, socio-legal and comparative approaches. The historical method made it possible to trace the evolution of electoral law in world practice. Within the framework of a comparative approach, the peculiarities of granting the right to vote to people with mental illness and disability in different countries were analyzed. The conceptual approach allowed us to build an overall research strategy, and the socio-legal approach allowed us to assess the impact of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities on the national legislation of countries. The issue of exercising active suffrage for certain categories of citizens, including people with disabilities, is being dealt with in an extremely differentiated manner in the world. At the moment, the UN has set the task of providing the same opportunity to participate in the electoral process. However, the main ways to improve public policy in this area have not yet been clearly defined.
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The dynamically transforming system of public administration under the influence of digital technologies makes it relevant to consider public electronic services as an important component of the digital state. On the one hand, services help to optimize the process of interaction between the state an ... d the citizen, and on the other, they lose their level of trust due to the challenges of our time. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to identify the specifics of the involvement of residents in obtaining digital services. The focus group method was used as a method. In 2024, more than 100 respondents were surveyed in several regions of Russian Federation (Krasnodar Krai, Stavropol Krai, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Irkutsk Region, Sverdlovsk Region, Primorsky Krai). The results of the study suggest that digital transformation has contributed to the creation of online services across the country. However, problems such as the technological gap in the regions, the security of personal data, the limited functionality of services, the activity of fraudsters, etc. create additional risks for the authorities. The “Gosuslugi” portal is perceived by residents as a tool for obtaining services, rather than as a platform for civic engagement. The development of initiatives will increase the involvement of the population in political decision-making, thereby improving the effectiveness of the policy.
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The modern transformation of the global world order is accompanied by an increase in both foreign policy and intra-social challenges, contributing to the formation of new identification models, including within the framework of patriotic discourse. Russia, being in the epicenter of geopolitical conf ... rontations, is faced with the need to consolidate society around the values of national identity and cultural sovereignty. One of the key tools in this process is patriotism, which is considered not only as an ideological constant, but also as a socio-cultural phenomenon with the ability to structure the behavioral and mental strategies of subjects. The purpose of the study is to examine the contradictory nature of the transformation of patriotic attitudes in the context of modern global and global processes. The methodological basis of the research is a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach that includes elements of comparative historical analysis, content analysis of discursive practices, as well as methods of empirical sociology. In particular, the tools of an expert survey conducted in a number of regions of the Russian Federation and elements of narrative analysis aimed at identifying transformations of the patriotic narrative under the influence of the culture of abolition were used. In addition, the research was based on the method of critical discursive analysis, which made it possible to reconstruct the ideological and cultural foundations of modern patriotic consciousness. In the course of the analysis, it is argued that patriotism in modern conditions should be considered as a stable element of socio-cultural identity, coupled with the value-normative foundations of collective existence. The authors have argued in defense of the concept of patriotism as a subcultural phenomenon capable of integrating individual, professional and civic forms of self-identification. The author's vision of the problem of combining and resolving contradictions between universalist and situational approaches to patriotism is shown. The role of patriotism in the context of cultural restoration and resistance to the strategy of value zeroing, implemented through the practice of cancelling, is also revealed.
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The relevance of the proposed topic lies in the fact that, at present, the integration of Special Military Operation (SMO) veterans, who possess professional competencies and unique decision-making experience in extreme conditions, into the political and administrative spheres of Russia may exert a ... significant and constructive influence on political processes. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to examine the mechanisms for harnessing the political potential of SMO participants within the framework of the Russian Federation’s state system. The research draws on a range of sources, including the updated legislative framework supporting SMO participants and their families; the presidential federal educational program Time of Heroes; publications by leading scholars; results of a public opinion survey on national defenders conducted by the Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VCIOM); and expert interviews with SMO veterans. The study employs the following principal research methods: literature and source analysis, content analysis, interviews, comparative and institutional comparison, and systems analysis. The article analyzes the factors that contribute to the successful integration of SMO veterans into governmental institutions, as well as into broader societal and political processes. It explores the interpretations of key concepts such as “political elite,” “new political elite,” and “political potential,” thereby expanding the conceptual discourse of political science. The role of SMO veterans as political actors is examined in depth, alongside the mechanisms of their inclusion in public administration, with consideration given to potential risks and the adaptation processes required for their transition into new state-political roles. The study concludes that a new political elite is currently forming in the Russian Federation an elite that is likely to become a significant part of the country’s leadership in the near future. The author proposes a definition of the “new political elite” and analyzes the factors that facilitate the effective integration of SMO veterans into the structures of state power and political life.
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The article presents the results of the study Russia’s ethnopolitical security as an essential part of its national security. The source base includes a survey of twenty experts from eight constituent entities, practitioners and theorists, as well as sociological and official data. The author descri ... bes the threats and risks, the change dynamics and the shortcomings of the current ethnopolitical security policy. The main systemic, institutional, political-administrative and other types of factors affecting it are identified. The results show that the current policy is generally consistent with the objectives of strengthening civil unity, all-Russian civil identity and interethnic harmony. It is assumed that the existing uncertainty and hybrid nature of threats complicate forecasting and planning. The implementation of effective steps in the migration field and counteraction to external destructive influence will be decisive for reducing uncertainty and increasing stability. As a practical priority, the author substantiates the demand for a comprehensive approach that covers development of priorities and implementation mechanisms of state policy in the ensuring ethnopolitical security field.
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Metropolitan Filaret’s socio-political views are of particular importance in the history of Russian socio-political thought. Metropolitan Filaret’s teaching on the state and power developed in the spiritual and political mainstream of “Russkoe Hranitelstvo” as a specific phenomenon of Russian intell ... ectual thought. An analysis of Metropolitan Filaret's writings suggests that he developed an original creative method based on philological and theological synthesis, which can be defined as a spiritual and political synthesis. A comparison of Metropolitan Filaret's spiritual and political method with the method of legal political theology, as well as Metropolitan Filaret’s concept of two kingdoms with St. Augustine’s teaching of civitas Dei and civitas terrena, shows that Metropolitan Filaret's spiritual and political teaching is an immanent continuation of the theological theories of the origin of authorities and power and demonstrates the universalism of his ideas. The formation of Metropolitan Filaret's spiritual and political teaching was not an accidental coincidence, it was formed in the context and in accordance with the logic of the socio-political development of the conservativno-hranitelskoe line of Russian thought. The author substantiates the conclusion that the spiritual and political approach to Metropolitan Filaret's teaching allows us to identify its boundaries and the relationship between spiritual and political content in a specific cultural and historical context, to determine its place and role in the history of “Russkoe Hranitelstvo”, and to compare it with other theories and concepts.
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The article is devoted to the study of the development of the Krasnodar Territory, which has significant potential for social and economic development. The focus is on the basic aspects of educational, family and demographic policy, which have an impact on socio-political development. The purpose of ... the study was to identify the problems existing in the region that slow down the development processes, affect the decline in fertility, migration rates, and identify possible areas of increased action that contribute to improving the demographic situation. It was based on a comparison of existing diachronic indicators of moving forward and growing. The statistics were analyzed and points requiring special attention in the fields of economics, healthcare, etc. were identified. The data indicate the need to make changes to demographic policy, including additional measures to stimulate the birth rate and enhance measures in the field of education and upbringing. The author comes to the conclusion that changes in education policy, accompanied by increased support for young specialists, as well as taking into account the historical and cultural characteristics of the region, can have a significant impact on the formation of a balanced demographic situation and stable socio-economic development. The examples given demonstrate the statements under consideration.
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The relevance of the study stems from the growing threat of digital radicalization among youth in Global South countries, where a high proportion of young populations and expanding internet access create fertile ground for the spread of extremist ideologies. The aim of the work is to identify key fa ... ctors, mechanisms, and consequences of youth digital radicalization, as well as to determine effective countermeasures. The research draws on materials from Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America, employing methods such as case studies, social media content analysis, expert interviews, and statistical analysis of radical content dissemination. Key findings reveal that extremist groups actively adapt propaganda to local languages, cultural contexts, and social issues, leveraging closed online communities and social media algorithms. Successful counter-strategies, as demonstrated by Malaysia, Indonesia, and Singapore, combine technological solutions (AI-driven content monitoring) with civil society engagement and the promotion of alternative narratives. The development of AI-based early warning systems and enhanced international cooperation among states, tech companies, and NGOs are identified as critical directions for mitigating digital radicalization risks.
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Social institutions and structures tend to experience an objective need for changes. It is dictated by inability of a social system to function in its previous capacity and according to an established algorithm. One of the ways of systemic social change is reforms, which are usually initiated and di ... rected by the government. The article is aimed both at analyzing existing scientific approaches to social reforms study, and at substantiating a new approach to understanding this social phenomenon. The work is based on socio-philosophical ideas contained in the works of V. I. Lenin, P. B. Struve, L. I. Abalkin, T. I. Oizerman, S. Huntington, A. Touraine. The use of comparative historical method, as well as methods of analogy and interpretation made it possible to propose an understanding of reformism as a special type of social practice focused on purposeful social change. The article substantiates an approach designed to identify only objective characteristics of the reform phenomenon, free from value judgments and metaphorical comparisons. In particular, reform is seen as a mode of social transformation. At the same time, it is fundamentally important that the government maintains control over any ongoing social changes, retains priority in choosing the objects of reform, the sequence of reform measures, the speed of their implementation, etc.
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The article presents the results of a socio-philosophical study of the role of the socio-cultural potential of Russia's national identity in ensuring societal security in the Caspian macroregion. The author pays special attention to the application and adaptation of the societal approach in the real ... ities of the complex Caspian macroregion, which includes many levels of interactions, as well as “conflict nodes”. Societal methodology, aimed at the study of complex systems and interactions of social communities centered on a certain type of identity, has significant heuristic potential in solving the tasks stated by the author. The scientific and practical nature of the research is revealed in the conceptualization of the possibilities of the national identity of Russia to regulate socio-cultural processes both at the level of the entire territory of the country, and in its specific regions and, in general, in the Caspian macroregion, also represented by the national identities of Iran, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan. The author proceeds from the basic idea of the socio-cultural potential of Russia's national identity, the components of which have practical possibilities for inclusion in the real practice of intercultural and international interaction. The result of the study is the disclosure of the main directions of Caspian cooperation between Russia, Iran, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan, which provide an organizational basis for realizing the socio-cultural potential of Russia's national identity in the field of societal security. The research is carried out taking into account the geopolitical and geo-economic problems of the Caspian macroregion, as well as the internal specifics of Iran, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan, which have serious socio-cultural vulnerabilities to societal security, in particular, a high level of ethno-confessional tension, problems of migration and adaptation of diasporas. Russia's systematic international strategy aimed at leveling these threats can significantly increase the security level of the Caspian macroregion.
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The proposed article examines the features of modern intercultural education in a philosophical aspect. The author focuses on its importance for social stability and cultural diversity in countries that experience social transformation in the context of global challenges and intercultural interactio ... n. The article examines the processes of globalization and their impact on educational systems, highlights key aspects of the formation of intercultural competencies and their role in the development of social harmony and citizenship. It analyzes how philosophical concepts such as multiculturalism, cultural identity and dialogue of cultures can be applied to deepen the understanding of intercultural interactions. The article considers the development and specificity of intercultural education in the modern period, as well as its most significant factors and directions. Particular attention is paid to the approach of educational systems to issues of ethnicity. The author highlights the current state, problems and experience of implementing intercultural education, the role of regional perspectives and cooperation. The article opens up prospects for further research and implementation of intercultural education as a key element for a more harmonious coexistence of cultures in difficult socio-economic conditions.
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In this article, the author refers to the works of the Dutch philosopher, anthropologist, and sociologist of science Annemarie Mol to characterize her anthropological project. Studying the philosophy of the leading theorist of the ANT tradition from this perspective helps to concretize the theoretic ... al and methodological foundations of her philosophy and clarify the issue of the strategies of philosophical and anthropological discourse in the “post” era. The article analyzes the uniqueness of Mol’s conceptual apparatus and praxiographic method. The article clarifies the arguments of the new version of ANT obtained by J. Law and Mol in the space of the anthropology of medicine, which allowed them to question Latour’s network logic and compare it with the logic of regions and flows. The article emphasizes the divergence of multiplicity studies with postmodernism and epistemology. It is concluded that this approach is relevant for liberation from subjectivist forms of philosophy and “ideology” in social and humanitarian knowledge. The author considers Mol's views relevant for understanding current sociocultural transformations, for developing relevant practical solutions in the face of modern anthropological processes. For example, her anthropological version of the philosophy of medicine contributes to the formation of a public demand for self-study, the return of self-knowledge to modern medicine. The close connection between medical knowledge and human life is emphasized in the ontological politics of medicine.
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This paper examines the role of D. Everett's cultural relativism in investigating the language-thought relationship, contrasting it with theories of linguistic relativism and N. Chomsky's universal grammar. The article identifies fundamental divergences between these approaches: universal grammar co ... nsiders language as an innate biological ability, whereas cultural relativism considers language to be a plastic cultural instrument that is formed in the process of social interaction and adapts to the communicative needs of a particular community. In turn, linguistic relativism rejects the thesis of the direct determination of linguistic structures by cultural factors, which is expressed by D. Everett, and cultural relativism criticizes a strong version of linguistic determinism. Despite these contradictions, the approaches demonstrate complementarity rather than antagonism: universal grammar explains the potential of linguistic capacity, cultural relativism focuses on variability in its realization, and linguistic relativism examines the mutual influence between language and thought within specific sociocultural contexts. Treating these conceptual frameworks as complementary allows overcoming the limitations of each theory's radical postulates and enables the development of a more comprehensive model for explaining the language-thought relationship that accounts for both individual and collective cognitive specificities.
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The problem of conditions for the possibility of human development is relevant both in philosophy and psychology. The purpose of the research is to combine psychological and philosophical discourses in order to solve the problem of conditions of the possibility of personal transformation in the proc ... ess of personal development. The study uses a conceptual analysis and synthesis of ideas from philosophy and psychology in relation to the problem of personal development. The philosophical basis of the research is philosophy of transgression, philosophy of unconscious and philosophy of authenticity of human existence. The psychological basis is the approaches of L. S. Vygotsky, J. Piaget and J. Kelly's approach to the problem of mental development. The author adheres to a philosophical and anthropological approach to human existence (considers the existence of man from within himself). The article presents the definition of human development as a process of transition of potential capabilities into actual ones; it is shown that the condition for man’s development is contact with his unconscious. The concept of metanoia (change of consciousness) is revealed as the main event of transgression, the transition of a person to a new stage of development. The role of the “bestial” origin in the process of transgression is demonstrated. The role of transgression in the process of a person's gaining authenticity of existence necessary for personal development is described. Based on the interdisciplinary points of support discovered by the author, it is concluded that a successful conceptual synthesis of philosophical and psychological approaches to the problem of human development is possible, which requires productive cooperation between psychologists and philosophers.
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The article conducted a cultural analysis of the problem of disconnecting knowledge of the humanitarian and natural science spheres of culture as a consequence of the incommensurability of spiritual and material creativity. The solution to the problem is proposed by design theorists that see in the ... methods of artistic design not only the process of shaping convenient and beautiful things, but an organic consistent combination of the concept of the project and its subject materialization, while subject-targeted communication is carried out using graphics at the “clause” stage. Scientists affirm the presence of a cultural form of existence in this aspect and develop an opinion on the “third project culture”, along with the culture of scientific, technical and humanitarian. The visual and graphic level of design is produced by a cultural code that transfers scientific abstractions of the conceptual level into concrete-sensual forms and images of constructive and subject design. In the development of the idea of V. A. Favorsky about the existence of three independent methods of design and artistic forming of a realistic sensual, formalistic logical and whole method of art (the “composite” method), the thesis is put forward and substantiated in the article on the visible presentation of the relationship in the study of their stages that form complete design cycles. The authors develop the thoughts of V. I. Vernadsky and P. A. Florensky about the existence of two earthly spheres for a person – biospheres and pneumatosphere, holistically generating his physical and ideal development, presented in the geographical landscape and cultural environment. The article presents a cultural and historical dynamics illustrating the hypothesis of L. S. Vygotsky about the existence of the structural connection of cultural-historical processes with the processes of the formation of cognitive functions of the child. The design and graphic relationships of the creativity of the nature and artistic creation of man and humanity are shown.
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The relevance of the article is determined by the need to rethink freedom – a universal characteristic of human existence in the conditions of modernity, which offer mythologemes as surrogates for authentic human life. The aim of the article is to reconstruct M. K. Mamardashvili's philosophical conc ... ept of being-personal experiment and to substantiate the way in which it prevents or promotes the achievement by the individual of this or that modus of freedom. Objectives of the article: to formulate the sign features of the existential-personal experiment and outline the scope of its realisation, to clarify its significance in the process of personality formation, to determine the importance of the dichotomy between existential choice and metaphysical decision in the context of the concept under discussion. The interpretation of M. K. Mamardashvili's philosophical concept is carried out through the application of hermeneutic reflection as the key methodological approach in the research. The sources of the study were the materials of the thinker's lecture courses, such as “Psychological Topology of the Way”, “Lectures on Ancient Philosophy”, as well as his published works (“The Arrow of Knowledge”, “Classical and Nonclassical Ideals of Rationality”). The article has a six-part structure. The first part reveals the phenomenon of being-personal experiment, reveals the peculiarities of its ‘carrying out’. In the second, third and fourth parts, M. K. Mamardashvili's ideas about freedom of being, freedom in thought and freedom of the full ‘I’, which condition each other and are interrelated, are presented in sequence. The fifth part of the article is devoted to the personality formed within the framework of ‘conducting’ the being-personal experiment, its distinctive features and specific characteristics. As a result of such an experiment, a new type of personality is formed, called by M. K. Mamardashvili, a person possessing a ‘heroic consciousness’ and a ‘classical soul’, the hallmarks of which are also presented in the fifth and final part of the article. The sixth part of the article discusses the significance of existential choice and metaphysical decision in the issue of human self-determination oriented towards the discovery of true freedom of one's own existence.
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The International Interreligious Youth Forum ЭBuddhism in the Context of Interfaith DialogueЭ (Kalmyk Regional session) was held in Elista from December 5–8, 2024. The forum was held on the basis of B. B. Gorodovikov Kalmyk State University. The organizers of this forum were the Presidential Adminis ... tration of the Russian Federation, the Foundation for the Promotion of Buddhist Education and Research, and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation. The Roscongress Foundation also provided organizational support to the forum. The International Interreligious Youth Forum was attended by both young religious researchers and representatives of various faiths from Russia, CIS and far abroad. The main purpose of the forum was to discuss the place and role of traditional religions, especially Buddhism, in shaping interfaith dialogue and preserving spiritual and moral values in today's polycentric world. Given that the forum was held on the eve of the III International Buddhist Forum, it was important to identify the potential of Buddhism in strengthening interfaith dialogue and solving global problems of our time.
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This article is a review of the following book: Ignatieva O. A. Reconstruction of Max Weber's concept of power / O. A. Ignatieva. Moscow: Aspect Press Publishing House, 2025. 158 p. The article highlights the main characteristics of this book, while in the context of the fact that in post-Soviet Rus ... sia Weber's name became associated with the intensive development of social sciences, the ideological role of this scientist in the formation of Hitlerism in Germany remained in the shadows at the everyday level of thinking. The strength of the book under discussion is that it provides a critical analysis of the works of M. According to Weber, not only the positive but also the negative aspects of his legacy are emphasized. O. A. Ignatieva's book is of particular interest for understanding many modern processes in the political life of modern states, and in the context of the rise to power of neo-Nazis in some states, it becomes particularly relevant. Conclusions of O. A. Ignatieva makes it possible to calculate trends in the political life of a number of countries and, if forecasts indicate an increase in Nazism in them, take preventive measures in advance to eliminate conflict-free threats that may turn from purely local to geopolitical.
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The problem of political trust, due to its great importance in the lives of citizens, society and the state, has always been and remains the focus of attention of representatives of various sciences: philosophy, sociology, political science, psychology, etc. Research on the problem of political trus ... t in political institutions, the media and other structures is conducted both at the national level and at the regional level. The monograph under review was prepared based on the results of a sociological study “Determining the level of citizens' trust in socio-political institutions and government bodies as an element of socio-political processes occurring under the influence of deep global transformation processes in the socio-political sphere.” The answers are analyzed and conclusions are made on the problem of trust in government bodies at the regional level. The respondents were residents of Astrakhan and the Astrakhan region.
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On December 18, 1940, Hitler signed Directive No. 21 of the Supreme Command of the Wehrmacht, which received the code name “Option Barbarossa” and became the main guiding document in the war against the USSR. The German armed forces were tasked with “defeating Soviet Russia in one short campaign”, f ... or which it was intended to use all ground forces except those performing occupation functions in Europe, as well as approximately two-thirds of the Air Force and a small part of the Navy. By means of rapid operations with deep and rapid advance of tank wedges, the German army was to destroy the Soviet troops in the western part of the USSR and prevent the retreat of combat-ready units into the interior of the country. Subsequently, quickly pursuing the enemy, the German troops were to reach a line from which the Soviet aviation would be unable to carry out raids on the Third Reich. The ultimate goal of the campaign was to reach the Arkhangelsk – Volga – Astrakhan line, creating there, if necessary, conditions for the German Air Force to “influence the Soviet industrial centers in the Urals”.
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