Issue 2020 No. 1 (62)

The article deals with the problems of the organization of educational and educational processes in the Astrakhan diocesan women's school in the period from 1845 to 1917. Special attention is paid to socio - cultural aspects (the development of women's education, reforms of the 1860s, changes in the ... system of pedagogical education, the change of the role of women of the spiritual class in society, etc.), which had a special impact on the formation and development of the system of education and upbringing in the diocesan women's schools of the Russian Empire. On the basis of the analysis of archival materials, the evolution of educational programs of the Astrakhan diocesan women's school, reoriented from teaching girls of the spiritual estate the basics of literacy to the training of teachers (home teachers), is described. This change changed the social status and role of the pupils of the diocesan women's school in society, the freedom of choice in the arrangement of their future life. Also, on the one hand, the organization of the educational process in the Astrakhan diocesan women's school directly depended on the class affiliation of pupils, and on the other, was influenced by social changes that occurred in Russian society in the second half of the XIX century.
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The article deals with the most gracious coronation acts of the XIX century, analyzed their structure and content identifies common features and differences, traces how the Russian autocracy institutionalized absolutism through manifestos.

The article overcomes a simplified view of the process of transformation of the Astrakhan Muslim community at the stages of post - communism. The authors argue that such publications are written on the basis of a long - discredited conceptual apparatus that identifies Islam with Wahhabism. The study ... focuses on a critical analysis of a biased publication in which the Astrakhan region is presented in the form of an ominous Islamic - terrorist enclave. It is proved in the work that such materials damage not only the Muslim community of the region, but also internal and external ideas about the Astrakhan region.The purpose of this article is to analyze the characteristics of the Islamic - political transformation in the Astrakhan region in the post-Soviet period. This analysis will be carried out through a study of the most striking events and characteristics that had a decisive influence on the specifics of the post-Soviet transformation of the Astrakhan Muslim community. The authors argue that modern Astrakhan Islam has been developing under the strong impact of the social-Muslim transformations in the Northern Caucasus and primarily under religious - political pressure from the most Islamized Russian region - Dagestan.
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The city of Baikonur has a number of features as an administrative and territorial unit leased from another state and as administrative and social center for the Baikonur cosmodrome. The presence of the status of «city of federal significance», «urban citizenship», which includes citizens of Russia ... and Kazakhstan in the concept of В«resident of the city of BaikonurВ», Russian jurisdiction within the boundaries of the city and the cosmodrome in the context of increasing ethnic imbalance of the population and socio - economic inequality of carriers of Russian and Kazakhstan citizenship the territory of the city gives rise to problems of interethnic (Russians and Kazakhs, as well as Koreans, Uzbeks, Belarusians, etc.) and interreligious (Orthodox and Muslim) interactions between them. Moreover, in the city there are no special authorities and administrations involved in the implementation of the «Strategy of the state national policy of the Russian Federation». Monitoring and prevention of interethnic and inter - civil tension are carried out by youth policy. An increase in the institutional presence of Kazakhstan in Baikonur, the division of certain areas of life (for example, school education, medical services) into «Russian» and «Kazakh», the narrowing of the use of the Russian language by the local Kazakh population and the lack of knowledge of the Kazakh language by the local Russian population deepens the cultural and linguistic boundaries between representatives of different ethnic groups and nationalities. Employees of the BaikonurCosmodrome live in the city, ensuring the implementation of Russian and international space programs. In this regard, ensuring harmonious interethnic relations within the city is not only a matter of providing comfortable conditions for life and relaxation for the personnel of the BaikonurCosmodrome living in it, but also an urgent task of the national security of the Russian Federation.
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This article is devoted to participatory budgeting. The optimal mechanism of formation of the Commission on the initiative budget which will be engaged in development of items of expenditure of means of the initiative budget and to supervise their proper execution is offered. The possible disadvanta ... ges of the introduction of this practice in modern Russian realities are analyzed and it is revealed that the positive aspects in General dominate over the possible costs. The connection of participatory budgeting with the practice of «small business» widespread in the domestic realities and the problem of alienation of citizens from the public authorities, which is extremely relevant for the modern Russian Federation, is determined. It is emphasized that the problem of alienation of power from the population is extremely important in modern Russia, and initiative budgeting has opportunities to bring together the government and the people in modern reality.
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The article proposes the analysis of the national electoral geography research over the past quarter century. The emphasis is done on key concepts used in this special area of political geography, such as "electoral landscape", "electoral space", etc. Particular focus is paid to the methods, such as ... the splitting/delimiting method, the center - periphery model. The article covers the issue of borders and frontiers in the framework of the Russian science, stressing the original "dialectic" contradictions of these concepts. Particular attention is paid to such challenging and thus not fully studied issues as electoral research on the borderlands and the possibility of mutual influence in the electoral choice in neighboring border regions, which allow to reveal the behavior of voters living in the neighborhood, but belonging to different political systems. This is especially actual and relevant for the national school, since the Russian borders could be qualified as an extensive empirical basis for this kind of research.
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The article is devoted to the study of the process of forming the concept of electoral communication of the outstanding American sociologist of Austrian origin, Paul Lazarsfeld (1901-1976). The article shows the development of a study conducted by Lazarsfeld and a group of scientists at Columbia Uni ... versity in the first half of the 19th century. The author sets out the stages of the study, describes the methods, models and indices that sociologists used to determine the formation of political preferences of voters. Lazarsfeld in common with Berelson and Godet examined the reasons for the change in political behavior based on the results of the polls. The study showed that there are a number of factors due to which the respondent changed his mind. First of all, 1) the media were highlighted; 2) the social environment surrounding the individual; 3) interpersonal contacts between members of small groups (family, collective, interest group). Interpersonal communication, - had the greatest impact on the voter. Theattitude to the candidate, its pros and cons, the analysis of its political program - all this was discussed by members of small social groups. The opinion formulated in the small group directly affected the perception of the candidate by the voter. People who were influenced by the opinions of society were least affected by the media, party propaganda. This article shows the results of the Lazarsfeld research project and the relevance of its methodology to modern political science.
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The article examines interpretations of the term «biopolitics» and analyzes the directions of this term's conceptualization in modern social and political thought. It states terminological difficulties potentially appeared when using the term «biopolitics» in modern scientific discourse. The article ... considers etymology of the word «biopolitics» and proves the need of examining this concept in several dimensions - as politics, policy and polity. The article presents key concepts of biopolitics, such as biopower and biolegitimacy. They are considered both in the context of relations between politics, power, legitimacy as traditional concepts of political science and in the context of biopolitics, which let us represent their brand - new semantic and conceptual qualities. The article also analyzes original concepts produced by the concept of biopolitics, such as anthropopolitics, necropolitics, ethopolitics, molecular politics and politics of life. The article shows the relations between «the mother concept» of biopolitics and original concepts being actively elaborated at the moment.
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This article is devoted to the analysis of the historical continuity of American approaches to policy in the Ukrainian direction. Historically, Ukraine was a field of rivalry between Russia and the West. During periods of aggravation of political confrontation in Europe, such as on the eve of the Fi ... rst world war, the importance and role of Ukraine increased. Germany's plans to alienate Ukraine from the Russian Empire were part of the doctrine of «Middle Europe», which provided for the formation of a belt of buffer States included in the zone of German influence. Polish foreign policy has also traditionally considered the support of the Ukrainian national movement, and then the strengthening of Ukrainian statehood as a major goal, which is reflected in the doctrine of «Mezhdumorya». After the collapse of the USSR, the us strategy in the Ukrainian direction was carried out in accordance with the doctrine of geopolitical pluralism. The main goal was the separation of Ukraine from Russia, preventing its participation in the Russian reintegration projects, and ensure observance by Kiev of functions of a buffer state, which, due to political and geographic factors will hinder the development of Russia's cooperation with partners in Europe. The approaches to the formation of American policy in Ukraine follow the German and Polish traditions of goal - setting in this direction, which gives grounds to raise the question of their historical continuity.
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The paper deals with the stages, basic institutions and some technologies of political expertise of regional security of the Russian Federation. The emphasis is made on the military security of Russia in the black sea-Caspian region. Based on these positions, the object and subject of the study are ... determined. The process of political expertise is divided into five stages: determination of the object of analysis and its level in the structure of international relations (global, regional, internal); study of the basic documents of strategic planning; system analysis of the real policy of the object of expertise; explanation of the reasons for the discrepancy between «real political» and the positions set out in the strategic documents; formation of predictive models of the situation. The structure and directions of activity of the main institutions of the Russian Federation specializing in expert assessments in the field of regional security in the southern direction are analyzed. It should be borne in mind that the term «southern direction» is interpreted by a number of experts in an expansive manner and includes the Mediterranean, the Black Sea and the Caspian sea. In addition to the expert units of public authorities, the activities of the most well - known non - governmental expert institutions operating in this field were considered. The special place in work is given to consideration of technologies (techniques) of carrying out expert actions. In the article they are divided into three groups: information - analytical methods, operational and information - prognostic (methods of constructing scenarios of the situation). The methods of text information processing (aggregate, extractive and graphic) are considered. Factors and criteria for carrying out qualitative expert research are defined. Identified fundamental differences between expertise and «pseudox - by testing». The types of working documentation necessary for the work of experts are determined.
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Russia and France are traditionally foreign policy, trade and economic partners. Modern interstate relations are built in the conditions of deep transformations in accordance with international standards and are formed in accordance with the requirements of the world order and changes in the foreign ... policy. The French project of European civilization, proposed by E. Macron, provides an ambitious strategy to assert the country as a strong power and rethink relations with Russia. Coincidence or closeness of views of the heads of States on crucial global issues in energy policy, common economic space, regional security and stability, countering new challenges and threats, create favorable conditions for strengthening and development of bilateral relations in all fields. Based on the analysis of factors of political, social and economic development of the Russian - French relations formulated in separate provisions and conclusions that enable to reconcile the views of political leaders and their surrounding elites to modernize the political and socio - economic relations between the countries.
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The article presents an original graphic demonstrating the relationship between and mutual influence of technological innovation on international relations. The graph presented is an original foundation for a method of international relations forecasting based on a techno political prognosis and ana ... lysis. The significance is to contribute to the attempt to create a new comprehensive theory in political science. The new theoretical approach also yields new theories. Intermediary variables influenced by these two primary causal factors are the form of the polity (regulatory institution) at national and global levels, the economic development pattern, and scientific and international relations paradigms. A recommendation is made to pursue technological innovation that will enable the establishment of the desired governance forms and relations at all levels from the local to the international. A discussion of the network mechanism of governance and its characteristics is the peak of the current technological and political innovations. The network institutional form transitions the industrial society to the informational era.
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This article examines the people's diplomacy as part of the democratic mechanism necessary for the development of society. The level of development of people's diplomacy is undoubtedly an indicator of the democracy of the political system of society as a whole. Its effective implementation is design ... ed to humanize international relations, to be an instrument of "soft power" of the state and the people in promoting their interests, strengthening their image and authority abroad. In the context of globalization, people's diplomacy is increasingly becoming a decisive factor in international politics. This phenomenon is especially noticeable in the framework of cross - border cooperation between the two neighboring States-Russia and Kazakhstan.
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Security in the Middle East is one of the most important regional issues of our time. The military - political clashes in the Middle East, the growing terrorist threat in this area, where huge reserves of hydrocarbon resources are concentrated, entail negative consequences for the system of internat ... ional relations. For a long time, tension persists in the Persian Gulf zone. This negatively affects security, political and economic stability in the region and in the world as a whole, since the largest center of the transnational terrorist network has formed in this zone. Under the current conditions, a complex of effective actions is required at the international and regional levels in the interests of rectifying and subsequently improving the situation in the Persian Gulf zone, overcoming the crisis situation and realizing the transformation of the region into a course of peace, good neighborliness and sustainable development. The author, through institutional and systemic methods, analyzes the relationships between regional players, and also analyzes the intra - clan processes of the elites of Qatar and Saudi Arabia, through the prism of regional security. Based on the analysis of events, the author aims to develop recommendations on Russia's position in the process of Middle East events.
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The article is devoted to the study of the manifesto as a text of special meaning. The author draws attention to the limitations and insufficiency of the common approach to the manifesto as an "event," as he forces to look at the text as an intersection of sociocultural circumstances external to the ... text, the analysis of which reconstructs the manifesto as one of numerous text formats. This fact, in the opinion of the author of the article, prevents the understanding of its internal intrinsic meaning. Philosophical research, which aims to clarify such meaning of the text, it should be based on the idea of autonomy of the text and the thesis of the non - permissibility of meaning to the set of sociocultural conditions. It is proposed to see in the manifesto, on the one hand, the act of textual conduct (no behavior), i.e. as a meaningful act lasting by the effort of the author regardless of external conditions, and, on the other hand, as a phenomenon with a special topology - a closed place subject to reflexive definition from the inside. Such research optics provide an opportunity for phenomenological consideration and clarification of the internal meaning of texts such as "manifesto."
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This paper attempts to analyze the relationship between religious transgression and the modern model of the family as a social institution. The essential determinants determining the influence of practical socio - cultural activities of the Russian Orthodox Church aimed at the formation of the Ortho ... dox family model in the public consciousness of the Russian people are revealed. A descriptive and explanatory characteristic of the current state of the family and marriage sphere and its development prospects in the context of the aggressive expansion of Anglo-Saxon local civilization in the socio - cultural space of the Russian Federation is developed.
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Modern socio - cultural dynamics shows constant updating of new challenges and practices caused by them. As in the case of technological progress, constant development and renewal in social sphere is an attribute and integral feature of modern society. The purpose of this article is to study current ... factors affectingstability of social systems, as well as allocation those that destabilize or keep the system in a stable state. The methodology of research is based on principles of multifactorial, systemic and synergetic approaches. According to them society is considered as a complex open system, developing under the influence of various external and internal factors, importance of which can increase in crisis periods. An important methodological role for the study isplayed by the philosophy and ideology of sustainable development, which emerged in the 70-80 of the last century and became the basis for strategic development of the UN, the European Union and Russia. The study will be conducted on the basis of analysis of the UN, EU and Russian documents in the field of sustainable development and identify the parameters and factors that most affect sustainability in modern society. Based on content analysis of documents in the field of sustainable development, the factors that increase stability of social systems and destabilization factors have been identified. It is shown that in the modern world new aspects of destabilization can be attributed to the factor of cyber threats, which requires reflection in context of the theory of sustainable development.
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The study of modern cultural phenomena in the context of the general laws of the existence of culture allows us to expand the sociocultural space of research. Among the many problems facing modern society, the problem of addictive consumer behavior, defined as oniomania, is becoming more relevant. I ... n the existing consumer society, information and popular culture are aimed at stimulating the processes of acquiring various tangible and intangible benefits. In the era of consumption, an enormous array of advertising messages and calls to purchase affects a person. Advertising, marketing systems and mass media form a hedonistic ideology that transforms into a lifestyle. Today, oniomania is demonstrated as the norm of behavior from TV screens, glossy magazines and even artworks. The relevance of this problem is confirmed by research materials stating that they have already reached more than 20 % of the Russian population. This indicator tends to increase rapidly, as existing technologies greatly simplify the shopping process. In America, oniomania is no longer considered as dependence, but as a disease, since there are about 15 million people suffering from oniomania. In this regard, it should be noted that oniomania as a consumption model is typical: making purchases not with the aim of satisfying the need for certain goods or services, but for the sake of the purchase process itself, and also with the aim of obtaining a therapeutic effect (stress relief, emotional discharge and etc.); the prevalence of consumer emotional desires in the acquisition of goods over utilitarian motives; impulsive, emotional nature of making a purchase; purchase of goods and services in excess of real needs. The study of the phenomenon of modern consumption is possible on the basis of an interdisciplinary paradigm that combines methodology, research technologies and procedures, the terminology of related disciplines - from social psychology, sociology and marketing to philosophy and theory of culture and philosophical anthropology.
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The Internet, acting as the main information channel for modern man, actively integrates religious communication and religious associations into its space. Religious online education, broadcasting religious content, can have a great influence and transform the perception of traditional religions in ... the youth environment, which is one of the main consumers and creator of the information field. Due to the network structure, Internet space is becoming a place not only for the emergence of new forms of existence of religious movements, but also an area with a high level of threat to confessional security. The issue of maintaining confessional security in the context of the development of religious online entities is becoming one of the key within the framework of new forms of social relations.
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The article presents an analysis of marriage and family relations in Soviet and post-Soviet times. Historical events of the late XX - early XXI centuries. in Russia had a significant impact on public institutions and factors in the formation of civic, ethnic and religious identity. The transformatio ... n in Russia during the perestroika and post-Soviet periods had important consequences for the development of the institution of the family. Dynamic changes in the field of state and public regulation of the institution of the family have an impact on the attitude of young people to marriage and family relations. The modern Russian family differs from the Soviet - era family in its structure, which is confirmed by the data obtained in the course of a sociological study.
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The political heritage of the outstanding Russian thinker of the early twentieth century, undeservedly forgotten in the Soviet years, M. Ya. Ostrogorsky has a very important component, which, by all its characteristics, refers to the system of philosophical ideas about politics, power and the state ... as a whole. Russian researchers have previously noted that the level of quality of his political science rises to the limits of philosophical understanding of political reality, allowing us to generalize and analyze the colossal empirical material he has collected. It is a philosophical understanding of reality that puts Ostrogorsky on a par with the outstanding Russian minds of that time. His contribution to the development of political theory has been undeservedly forgotten and is still underestimated. The given article analyzes his view of the development of political and philosophical thought regarding the essence of the subject of political power, having examined it through such categories as «democracy», «elite», «masses», «political parties», and «political leadership». Ostrogorsky anticipated the appearance of many scientific theories that arose later than him, but which theoretically proceeded from the positions that were first formulated in his works.
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The article addressestheissue of responsibility assumed by Russia's political establishment for the outcomes of the social and economic changes in the country. A retrospective journey into the history of social relationsalong with an investigation into the evolution of the concept of responsibilityb ... rings the author to the conclusion that the form of government and political regimeplaced under the responsibility of the political elite determines the accessibility of social benefits to Man as the main resource of power. This in its turn clearly indicates the level of social responsibility achieved by the elite groups, which sets the focus of the article on eliciting the political and social conditions that facilitate fostering the social responsibility of Russia's politicalestablishment making it a powerful impetus towards social transformations. The author presents an integrated view of the notion of responsibility based on historical, philosophical, political and sociological considerations. They define the long - standingas well as modern mechanisms of responsibility conditioned by the mutual obligations of the society and the powers: traditional, rational - legitimate, intra - elite, and specify the circumstances of their successful implementation. Inconclusion the authorout lines the prospects of the problem research that they see in seeking for ways of setting the above conditions indispensable for turning the social responsibility of the political elite into an impetus towards positive changes.
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The article is devoted to the personality and the socio - political views of the famous American anarchist and feminist Voltairine de Cleyre (1866-1912). The author links the growth of the interest among American scholars in the 70s of the 20th century to the anarchist personality with the formation ... of a feminist agenda in the political and public arena of the United States. The author draws a biographical portrait of de Cleyre, based on her own memories, testimonies of her contemporaries and the work of the researchers, gives her a characterization as an ideologist and considers the main ideas of her social philosophy expressed, among other things, in her poetry. Based on an analysis of de Cleyre's poetry, conclusions are drawn about the possibility of studying her poetic heritage, since it reflects the main ideas of the anarchist no less than her essays and public speeches. Among the main views of de Cleyre's social philosophy the author distinguishes: anti - clericalism, anti - statism, the idea of the unjust arrangement of the marriage institution, feminism, etc. The author unites all the de Cleyre social philosophyviews on the basis of the concept of «anarchism without adjectives», introduced into the anarchist discourse of de Cleyre herself.
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Interethnic stability depends on the policy of the state. It is important to preserve national languages. The legal regulation of the language policy in the Russian Federation contains a contradiction. The subjects of the federation have declared state languages. Compulsory study of the national lan ... guage of the republic violated their rights regarding free language choice. The scope of national languages has narrowed. This is alarming among ethnic elites. The change in the order of language learning in the regions caused tension between the federal center and the republican elites. This article attempts to analyze the discourses of regional elites on the problem of teaching the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation. The discourse of regional elites is seen as a political discourse. In the regions, the elites adhered to a common discursive strategy. An attempt was made to maintain the practice of positive discrimination of national languages. The political and intellectual elites differed in discursive strategies. The political elite made various appeals to the federal government. The intellectual elite has expressed its negative attitude through social activity. The discussion about the language made it possible for the center and the regions to check the limits of power and the possibilities of mutual influence. Changes in legislation reflected the evolution of relations between the federal center and national republics. The development of Russian federalism shows a movement towards the unification of relations between the regions and the center. What creates additional tension in an asymmetric federation.
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The article analyzes the content and main results of monograph «Russian Masscult: from Baroque to Postmodern» by I.V. Kondakov. The author investigates the sources of mass culture, tracing its development from ancient times to the present. Innovative is the approach to defining the origins of mass c ... ulture, which, according to the author, dates back to ancient times. The monograph gives a deep analysis of the development of entertainment forms in Russian culture, related to mass forms of manifestation, considers the relationship between classical and mass culture, traces the process of popularization of science. Modern mass culture depends on many factors, including the formation of national culture, the transformation of cultural landscape. The crisis of the classical paradigm led to the appearance of postmodern genres and styles, which made us assess the functional content of mass culture in a different way.
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The analytical review presents a wide range of problems of the current stage of development of philosophical and political knowledge in our country. In issues 6-10 of the Yearbook «Philosophy of politics and law» (2015-2019) published articles by leading scientists from various scientific centers of ... Russia, dedicated to the development of world civilization in the era of globalism, the relationship of social ideals and real society, discussions about social evolution and social revolutions, dedicated to the centenary of the Russian revolution in 1917. The tenth issue is devoted to topical issues of international relations and global development in the XXI century.
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The authors analyze the global changes in the global economy that can be expected from China's geopolitical behavior and which become counterpoint to Anglo-Saxon isolationism. The book tells about the Chinese vision of new world trade routes based on the old Silk Road. Based on a historical digressi ... on to what used to be the largest trade route in the world, it is shown how the respective regions should develop on new continents and how the corresponding regions should develop and network. This is not only about infrastructure measures, but also about the connection with innovative strategies in key areas of any modern economy, such as digitization, resource conservation or mobility. The authors examine in detail the topics of China's new role in globalization, the size of the land projects of the new Silk Road, the size of the Sea Silk Road, as well as the special role of Greece, examples of success and problems with Chinese innovative strategies. A well - structured book concludes with an appendix on the state of research on the historical Silk Road.
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