Issue 2019 No. 3 (60)

The article discusses some of the results of the Great Reforms of the 1860-1870s. The author states that it was a rare example in history when the imminent serious political and economic crisis, expressed in the preservation of serfdom in the largest country in the world that could lead to significa ... nt social upheavals, was resolved with the help of reforms. The crisis of the serf system had been brewing since the end of the 18 century; it permeated all aspects of the country's life and hindered its development. But the enormous scale of the upcoming changes, which could lead to widespread discontent of the nobility, which formed the basis of the state apparatus and the army, frightened the governments of Alexandr I (1801-1825) and Nicholay I (1825-1855), who also remembered the fate of father (Pavel I, 1796-1801), killed as a result of a nobles plot. The catalyst for reform was the defeat of the Russian Empire in the Crimean War from the more advanced European powers and the change of government that occurred as a result of the accession to the throne of the new Emperor Alexandr II (1856-1881). Alexandr II decided to reform, understanding the destructiveness of defeat in the war and, given the widespread dissatisfaction with the existing order. Russia freed from many remnants of the middle ages, especially from serfdom, as a result of the changes in the 1860-1870s. It was possible to prevent a major civil conflict. The post-reform period was a time of successful economic development of Russia. New enterprises were built, industrial production increased significantly, intensive railway construction was carried out. It was during this period that new industries appeared in the country, which later played a significant role in its development. We are talking about oil production and refining. At the same time, the reforms carried out «from above» were of a compromise, incomplete nature. The remnants of the feudal order lay a heavy burden on the Russian economy. Every year, public discontent and opposition to the government's policy grew, both from below and from above. Under these conditions, radical groups professing the populist ideology turned to terror, the victim of which was, among others, the reformer Alexandr II himself.
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In 1941 the Novgorod museums planned to continue the work they had been doing in the past few years. It included the restoration of monuments, archaeological excavations, and publishing activities. New exhibitions opened. Particular attention was paid to the recent history of the country. All this e ... nded after the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. The retreat of the Red Army units from the western border and the bombing of Novgorod demanded the most urgent evacuation of the population, enterprises and all museum valuables. Exhibits of the Novgorod museums were eloigned in four turns. On June 30, 1941, the city authorities gave the order to start the evacuation of museum valuables. But it concerned only unique items made of precious metals: ancient gold and silver items from Novgorod cathedrals and monasteries as well as precious jewelry pieces. Novgorod was occupied by the Nazis and their allies. Museum workers managed to evacuate only a part of the exhibits to the Soviet rear and, thus, save them from destruction. This was due to the commitment of the Novgorod museum workers: B. K. Manteuifel, N. G. Porfiridova, P. A. Kryzhanovskaya, T. N. Konstantinova, and L. A. Konovalova. On February 4, 1942, by the order of the People's Commissar for Education of the RSFSR they all were awarded a commendation «For the exemplary work on the evacuation of museum property».
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Mongolia closely associated with Soviet Union, experienced serious difficulties after it the collapse of the in 1991. The USSR was the main investor in the Mongolian economy during 70 years (1920s-1980s). The industry of Mongolia, which was actually built in the post-war period, was laid as part of ... a single economic complex with the Soviet Union. The pinnacle of the Soviet-Mongolian economic cooperation was built in 1978, the largest in Asia ore-dressing plant Erdenet. The Government of Mongolia had to urgently look for new ways of development for the country's economy after 1991. It was decided to attract foreign investors to the country as much as possible. The development of new legislation, in particular, the Law on Foreign Investments, which was first adopted in 1991, was then subordinated to this. Then, taking into account economic practice, new versions of this law were adopted in 1993, 2001 and 2002. The paper shows the difficulties that Mongolia had to face on this path, in the conditions of fierce competition in world financial markets. Since the beginning of the 2000s Russian-Mongolian economic ties began to grow again. Despite the fact that Mongolia is now striving to develop harmonious relations with all countries of the Far East, Russia has always been and is a priority, strategic alliance partner with which is the key to the future for this Asian country.
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In the autumn of 1941, in the south-western part of the Leningrad Region, a Partisan Province was formed around the detachments of the 2nd Leningrad partisan brigade. By the spring of 1942, large partisan formations were concentrated here, and until September 1942, the Partisan Province remained the ... main base of the partisan movement in the Leningrad Region and an important factor in the anti-fascist Resistance within the occupied territory. The article considers such problems of the organization of the Partisan Province as the establishment of unity of command and discipline, the normalization of relations between the partisan detachments, partisans and local residents. An important factor in strengthening the region was also the food supply of partisans and local residents. In the Partisan Province, a system of managing the life of the local population was created, subordinated to the organizational troikas, which replaced the pre-war party and Soviet authorities of the districts, and some functions of the NKVD authorities were transferred to the organizational troikas. The experience of organizing life on the territory liberated beyond the front line, worked out in the Partisan Province of 1941-1942, was used and supplemented in the creation of new territories and zones in the Leningrad Region at the end of 1943.
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In the article considers the formation and activities of Astrakhan council of national economy (ASNH) in the 1918s. It describes the structure and functional responsibilities of the ASNH. Feature of this process was complexity and ambiguity of departmental accessory of ASNH and its functions. For th ... is reason formation of the Astrakhan SNH delayed on more than for six months. The Astrakhan economic council passed several stages in the development, for 1918 two stages were necessary. At the first stage (February-August) the structure of the Astrakhan economic council was defined, its work on estimating and inspection of the industrial enterprises of the province began. Work of ASNH during this period was limited due to the lack of explanations and orders from the Center concerning the functions and tasks assigned to regional economic councils. The second stage is connected with taken place in Moscow the I All-Russian congress of Councils of the national economy where the Provision on the Highest regional, provincial and local SNH was accepted. Its structure and duties is legislatively approved and also departmental accessory is defined. From this point the Astrakhan economic council receives the real power and becomes the conductor of policy of the All-Russian congress of Councils of the national economy in the Astrakhan region.
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The article discusses the objective aspects of the remuneration of the industrial and production personnel of the USSR in the 1960-1970s. The purpose of this work was to consider the material well-being of Soviet engineering and technical personnel, as an essential element of daily life in the count ... ry. Demonstrated statistical and numerical indicators of the material support of engineering and technical intelligentsia, wage growth, and the system of incentives for workers. After all, often at enterprises, the salary part of the ITR was based on the remuneration of the master or the technician of the workshop, and sometimes the labor of the engineers and foremen was equated, but valued equally, which caused controversy and disagreement in the team. At the same time, engineering and technical personnel and service personnel could be counted among the workers of the so-called «city-forming» enterprises of the country, who ultimately received an average of 9-10 % more than employees of other enterprises. The article mentions the fact of the actions of the leaders of large industrial enterprises, who had the right for engineers and technicians to independently set wage premiums, both to highly qualified specialists, and to masters and industry leaders. On the one hand, representatives of industrial personnel received a stable and higher average wage, and on the other hand, not always the nature of the duties of employees of enterprises directly proportional to the level of wages.
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This article focuses on the formation of national personnel for Kalmykia, primarily management through training through soviet party school. This region was characterized by weak economic development, specific difficulties of nomadic lifestyle, lack of infrastructure and other numerous difficulties. ... In connection with the formation of the "new" Soviet state, there was a transformation of various spheres of society. The main task of the Soviet-party school was to prepare Kalmyk national managers, party and Soviet nomenclature, the leading criterion of which was the ideological orientation. The article deals with the content of the educational process in the school, programs, teaching methods, educational level of students. The purpose of training functionaries in these educational institutions was the socio-cultural modernization and change of social psychology of people. Base personnel based in the region to power structures have largely been graduates of this institution, who led and directed the party, Soviet and economic organs of the autonomy. The article uses the results of field research, in particular, eyewitnesses and participants of the events conducted in the 1980s - a survey, statistical data collection, Phono-and photographic documentation, etc. They were a kind of representative sources for the generalization of historical experience of training of nomenclature personnel for regional social spheres in the first decades of the Soviet state. Archival materials were introduced into scientific circulation, through the study of which it was concluded that in the period under review the foundations of political education were laid, the Soviet-party schools were one of the components of the formation of training, through which the model of society was transformed.
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The author shown in this article, that the introduction of new economic policy wore a number of features in Kalmykia. The Kalmyk organization of the RCP (b) received the right to organize the Regional Committee of the RCP (b) in 1921, which was directly subordinate to the Central Committee of the RC ... P (b). This testified to the fact that, firstly, during the civil war new elite was formed, oriented towards the RCP (b), which was able in the early 1920s take responsibility for the development of Kalmykia. Secondly, within the framework of the ruling party, the RCP (b), this new elite joined quickly the all-Russian political process. A fine illustration of the above is the biography of the chairman of the KalmCIC A.Ch. Chapchaev, who actively participated in all-Russian processes (civil war, suppression of the Kronstadt rebellion, work in central party and state organizations, participation as a delegate at party congresses and conferences, etc.), did a lot for the development of Kalmykia and its people. A.Ch. Chapchaev and other Kalmyk leaders began development work in Kalmykia, in addition to traditional cattle breeding, other types of economic activity in the early 1920s. This, above all, was about the development of agriculture and the creation of industrial enterprises. These measures were supposed to contribute to the creation of a sustainable economy, a more rapid departure from the nomadic way of life, faster integration into the all-Russian economic processes. An unprecedented drought and then a famine in 1921 became a serious obstacle to the restoration of the Kalmyk economy undermined by previous wars. Most of the residents of KAO were starving. But thanks to help from the Government of the RSFSR, other regions of the country, other states, including Mongolia, the consequences of the famine were quickly overcome.
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The mechanisms of the formation of value systems and civil identity in the virtual space are considered. The relevance of such studies is due to the weak elaboration of the problems of symbolic politics implemented in the Internet space. The multi-stage structure of social communication and the role ... of opinion leaders in constructing of political agenda, as well as the video blogosphere as an instrument of civic mobilization are analyzed. The study of the formation of virtual identity in the conditions of informatization of societies makes it possible to form a number of conclusions indicating that: 1) the traditional ways of consolidating national communities and political groups, are undergoing transformation under the influence of widespread daily communication flows; 2) group solidarity and a set of value meanings are in constant threat of change, since there is a contradiction between the set of social values declared in the official ideological discourse of the state and real needs and the public consciousness of civil society; 3) youth associations and young people themselves, as the most politically active social group, are prone to critical rethinking of the concepts and ideologies broadcast by the government and the state; 4) there is a need to improve the level of representation of the activities of state actors in order to build effective communication between civil society and the government.
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The article considers identity as a political category determined by a person's values, his emotional perception of the socio-political reality and rationally motivated interests and needs. The focus of the work is on macropolitical identity, a variation of which is civil-state identity, which is th ... e object of purposeful influence of the state and interest groups, the policy of forming and constructing identity. In the context of the new version of the Strategy of the state national policy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025, the concept of all-Russian civil identity and the impact on its formation of the 2014 Crimean events is revealed. An attempt has been made to substantiate the claims of Russia for great power by the corresponding expectations of the population. Crimea is considered in the work as a symbol of the great power of Russia and the basis for the pride of the Russians for historical justice, realized in the return of the peninsula to the Russian state. The reunification of the Crimea with Russia is characterized as a consolidating factor between society and the government, which minimized the demands of citizens in the framework of domestic policy. The author concludes that the Crimean factor has played a significant role in rallying Russians around the values proposed by the authorities.
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The article evaluates the role of a state as a subject of identity construction policy. The prospects of the main actors of identity construction are not disclosed in contemporary scientific literature. This problem has practical significance in modern Russia, since in 2016-2018 there were adopted n ... ormative legal acts that entrust the state authorities with the fulfillment of tasks related to the formation of a nationwide civic identity.In science, there are significant gaps in the study of the prospects and methods of state policy in the field of identity construction. The article defines the conditions and limitations of state participation in the policy of identity formation. It is revealed that the theory of nationalizing states of R. Brubaker was the first attempt to theoretically interpret the state participation in the construction of national identity. The features of the Russian model of state policy of identity formation are revealed.The effectiveness of state policy in the field of identity construction requires clarification in the formulation of achievable goals, specification of indicators and measures.
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This article is dedicated to topical issues connected with ensuring of cyber security in the European Union on national and supranational levels of cyberspace regulation. The article states that due to the growing threats in cyberspace the role of national government in cyber security sector is chan ... ging. The nation-state is delegating part of its responsibilities to the supranational bodies of the EU which in their turn determine the strategy in this sphere. However, this leads to various contradictions that are caused by different development level of the EU countries, different cultural traditions and different personnel availability. The EU is in fact conducting an experiment in cooperation between national and supranational bodies, and the results are not yet clear. The article also provides statistics of cybercrimes in the European Union before and after 2014. The author shows how cyber crime, cyber attacks and hacking can affect not only security in cyberspace itself, but also national security in general and the level of security society currently provides for its members.
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The article is dedicated to the transformation of political relations amid digital network reality. The authors consider the development of society from the point of view of its network aspects, highlighting the role of digital technologies in the networking processes. Digital online networks are in ... terpreted by them as an integral part of the aggregate political space. The problem of the dialectical relationship between the online and the physical world of politics, also in relation to the Russian reality, is addressed. It is demonstrated how digital networks modify the main elements of political relations: the actual subjects of political relations, the nature of the interactions between them, as well as their vision of the subject of political relations - the questions of power, governmental and socio-political order. The paper focuses on how these changes are integrated into the context of a post-modern society, including its characteristics such as the variability of social forms, post-facticity and the lack of sociocultural integrity. Considering the trend towards the robot automation of digital networks, it is proposed to approach the subjectivity of artificial intelligence in postmodern political relations as a debating point. The authors emphasize that the risks and uncertainties produced by these transformations make the problem of professional assessment of the technological progress political dimension relevant.
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There is a number of scientific publications and studies, which are dedicated to categories such as «state space» and «territory». Multidisciplinary approach in a framework of human sciences plays another significant role in researching territorial development. Hence, these categories can be researc ... hed within regional studies, economy, geography, regional geography, ethnography and other similar studies. Political analysis gives an opportunity to investigate features of territorial development, which makes possible to analyze and comparecurrent strategies and methods of researching territorial development. The goal of this article is to find out the main content of scientific publications of Russian scientists, which concern an issue of territorial development of Russia in the end of XIX-XX centuries.
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The article deals with the analysis of the transformation of the discourse of European identity during the second half of the 20th - beginning of the 21st centuries. A search for general patterns of this process can help build appropriate models applicable to the political conditions of the Russian ... Federation. The situation in the European community was chosen as the empirical material, mainly within the framework of the European Union, currently uniting 28 countries. Since identity, including European one, is not only a construct formed with varying degrees of success, but also an objective reality, acting as a set of characteristics that distinguish Europeans from others in this particular case, this topic is not only a subject of study of academic discourse, but also an important topic forming a real political agenda.
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The article analyses the contribution of the Organization of American States to the development of international electoral standards. It reviews activity of the Department of Electoral Cooperation and Observation (DECO / OAS) in the field of electoral observation and making recommendations on this b ... asis; creating detailed manuals on the basis of these recommendations; development and registration of the official International Electoral Standard TS 17582. The article inspects the character of the discussion during the work on the standard; activity of DECO in the field of international accreditation of electoral bodies; its technical cooperation projects related to electoral registration and electoral technologies.It is concluded thatthe activity of OAS in the field of electoral cooperation and observation allows to call it thereal laboratory for the development and running-in of international electoral standards.
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The article considers a new concept of contentious elections from the point of view of the possibilities of international observation and control over elections. Based on the analysis of the scientific literature, the definition of contentious elections is formulated as elections involving serious c ... hallenges to the legitimacy of subjects, procedures, or their results. It was concluded that the contentious elections are taking place where, there are deep conflicts in the society, calling into question the legitimacy of the authorities, there are doubts in the electoral procedures and the election results. Based on the analysis of existing regime and institutional factors of electoral regulation, the article outlines the possibilities of international regulation of contentious elections such as: adjusting the concept of sovereignty following the example of the European Union, forming general ideas about the legality and fairness of elections, constant dialogue, creating and developing on this basis international independent election observation organizations.
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The article analyzes the U.S.-Georgian relations against the background of high geopolitical dynamics in the Greater Caucasus region taking in view of the 2008 war. The interaction of NATO and Georgia in the Black Sea is being considered. Political risk analysis by Black Rock Investment Institute, C ... redendo Group and Marsh are used to describe the war risks for Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia for the period 2014-2018. It is concluded that, despite the apparent ideological differences between Moscow and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, as well as the bloc activities in the Black Sea area in joint military exercises with Georgia, the political risk (and war risk) of clashes between opponents is relatively low.
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The article deals with the role of the African Union in the regulation of the electoral process in the member States. The legal and regulatory framework for the participation of the African Union in the observation of elections and changes in the electoral law and process on the continent is conside ... red. The institutional features of regulation of the electoral process in Africa are analyzed. The article shows the role and importance of the African Charter of democracy, elections and governance for the organization of voting in the member States of the African Union. The question of the participation of international institutions in the elections is raised. The article describes in detail the activities of short-and long-term observer missions in the preparation and conduct of elections, on the example of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Trends in the development of the African Union, the inclusion of the New partnership for Africa's development (NEPAD) and the African peer review mechanism (APRM) in the African agenda were analysed. Features of interaction of the African Union with other international organizations concerning carrying out vote are shown. The article provides a critical analysis of the current state of the African Union, its importance for African countries and the world community.
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The article traces the history of the creation and functioning of the Astrakhan state art gallery from the moment of the idea of transferring the private art collection to the city and opening the first art Museum in the South of Russia to the present time. Analysis of the transformation of Museum e ... xhibition dominants associated with the ideological, historical and cultural processes of time in the context of historical and artistic events that took place and are taking place in the country reveals the cause-and-effect relationships in the transformation processes of exposition, storage, exhibition and Museum-pedagogical activities of the time of the Museum location in the private house of the founder P. M. Dogadin before the functioning of the Art gallery as the head Museum, which includes the Engraving office (Department of foreign art), and branches "House-Museum of B. M. Kustodiev", "House-Museum of VelimirKhlebnikov", Museum and cultural center "House of merchant G. V. Tetyushinov". A special place in the article is given to the formation of the publication-bibliographic array accompanying the activities of the art Museum: exhibition catalogues, scientific publications of employees with the results of the survey work to clarify the provenance of each Museum exhibit, its participation in international, domestic and regional exhibition processes. The author addresses the issues of interaction between the state art Museum and the all-Russian public organization "Association of art historians", which accompanies the publication, research activities of the Museum's researchers, as well as supporting the initiative projects of young researchers-cultural scientists.
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The article deals with the problem of formation of technoideology of modern society, which is a kind of socio-cultural factor and plays an important role in the formation of man-made. At the same time, it is proved that technoideology is a natural result of the development of modern society, since t ... his concept, refracting the actual needs and desires of a new «social organism» through the prism of its own vision, finds a response and opportunities for their implementation. In addition, an attempt is made to prove that the space of modern social reality is such that technogization and virtualization are defined as the essential characteristics of modern society. Man overcoming the boundaries of reality, moves in the virtual technorealism, operates according to its laws, turning into a single global mechanism, in which all are governed by the defined technologies, and also controlled the new technolologies. In conclusion, it is concluded that, in this context, the most important task of modern society is to find ways to the harmonious development of the technosphere with the anthroposphere, where the basic value becomes technoideology, forming a new format of relations that allows humanity to preserve its anthropogenic uniqueness.
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The article is devoted to the study of the formation of the Orthodox landscape in the Far East countries, with which Russia since the nineteenth century was inan active cross-cultural communication on trade and diplomatic level. Main purpose of the article is a comparative analysis of the main chara ... cteristics of its formation. For comparison were taken China, Mongolia, Japan, Korea - countries where the missionary activity of the Russian Orthodox Church has left a significant mark in the overall religious landscape. The article deals with the history of its formation in the study area, geography and the main religious centers in the diachronic aspect. The role of frontiersmen from Orthodoxy - leading missionaries in the formation of the Orthodox landscape in each of these countries is analyzed. The influence of the personality of missionaries on the specificity of the Orthodox landscape is shown. The main locations of the landscape in each of these countries are analyzed. The study allows us to identify the main trends in its formation.
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This article discusses the deformation of the world order and its impact on the global cultural, ideological, spiritual, religious and ethical values. The author focuses on the differentiation of scientific knowledge. Of particular interest are the humanities, which are currently experiencing a seri ... ous crisis. We will explain this crisis by the fact that the lack of research prevails in humanitarian knowledge of the last decades, and the scientific discourse is reduced to a superficial simplified view of reality. Plus, the boundaries of the humanities are blurred. To eliminate the superficial approach in scientific knowledge, the author suggests using philosophy, since the methods of philosophical analysis help to look beyond the horizon of everyday life and to reveal the most common foundations of social life. Although philosophy itself is a synthesis of social sciences and humanities, but it is in it that the heuristic basis for integrative research is laid. Such a strategy will create prospects for predicting political processes. The author builds his position based on the scientific traditions of Moscow University at the beginning of the 20th century.
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The article examines the phenomenon of the «digital generation», reveals the main features and features of the training of the «generation Z», analyzes the innovative educational environment. The problem of nihilism among young people is examined. A generational gap is identified. The salient featur ... es of Generation Z born at the turn of the 21st century are considered. Ways to overcome nihilism in modern society are outlined.
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This s article is an attempt to analyze the ideological and political evolution that took place in the views of the famous Russian scientist, public figure and ideologist of Pan-Slavism V. I. Lamansky. In this work the authors are analyzing two later texts of V. I. Lamansky («A Look at the Fates of ... South-Western Slavs» (1900) and «Is it possible to compare Russia with Austria-Hungary in regard of nationalities?» (1900), using methods of political textology. It is shown that in these articles, devoted to the state of the Western Slavs at the beginning of the XX century, which were published in the Viennese magazine «Slavic century», Lamansky adhered to the idea of «Cultural Pan-Slavism». According to this idea Slavs needed to accept a single literary language that the Russian language should have become. The authors note that Lamansky, like all Slavophiles, saw the «Slavic question» included in the antagonism of the В«two worldsВ», Greco-Slavic and Romano-Germanic, which have differences in religious, civil and В«moralВ» nature. Nevertheless, at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, Lamansky's «Cultural Pan-Slavism», even with changes, already seemed too vague and gave way to «Cultural and Economic Pan-Slavism».
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Politics and law in modern education are presented as two completely different disciplines, based on different areas of interest and solvable range of tasks. But, it is worth noting that in pre-revolutionary history, politics and law were not divisible, and attempts to crush state science could not ... be completed until it was impossible to consider one without the other. The post-revolutionary scientists of the Soviet era have managed to delineate competencies. But despite today's division of scientific competencies between politics and law, there remains a lot of interdependence.The article shows the possibility of integrating politics and law into a single indivisible science, which is capable of solving a number of applied political and legal tasks. The genesis and evolution of national state science, joint and separate competencies of state science in university disciplines are analyzed, which helps to consider the divisible and indivisible in national state science from different sides.
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The article is a review of a common field of objects which are used by two different philosophical traditions: phenomenology of religion and postphenomenology. The common key points of two approaches are analyzed in their view of the nature of religious experiences and religious objects. A theoretic ... al justification of a class of phenomenology phenomena of religion by Rudolf Otto by means of the concept of Jean-Luc Marion is proposed. Solving the problem of preserving the specifics of religious phenomenon with the help of the means of the New French phenomenology makes it possible to take a step towards the mutual development of two disciplines. New horizons for the use of an improved phenomenological method and its application in various areas of human culture are considered. The typologies of phenomena given by Jean-Luc Marion in the New French phenomenology, as well as the nuances of using the methodological approaches of postphenomenology and their influence on religion and philosophy are analyzed.
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Desire is a fundamental characteristic of human existence and a cultural reality. The system of signs encodes desire and makes it available for analysis. The realization of desire takes place in the aggregate of cultural practices. Thus, the study of the influence of the desire on the change in the ... quality of human existence, and the study the transformation of culture as a complex system open up a new space of problem for us. New vision of the problem can be formulated as follows: to what extent the management of desire on the part of culture can be constructive for the subject and for the culture itself. The article concludes that the modern attitude to desire can be described as «quasiascetism». Unlike religious ascetism, the new form of self-restraint is not the result of deliberate choice. It not part of the process of "taking care of yourself" and it not the way of attain free yourself from social and cultural norms. Function of asceticism maintaining a high level of intensity of desire. This function is achieved by creating cultural phenomena that create a break between desire and its realization.
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The article is devoted to examining the influence of Tibetan Buddhist constants on the traditional culture of Oirats. The study shows that the ideas of Tibetan Buddhism significantly influenced the formation of a picture of the world of Oirats. Such constants of Tibetan Buddhism as «the unity of met ... hod and wisdom» and «tantra» organically entered the worldview of Oirats and greatly influenced the development of their cultural code and mentality. By embracing the Tibetan Buddhist culture constants, the Oirats created their own system of spiritual values. As a result, the Oirats formed a belief in the existence of their special religious mission, which they should fulfill as defenders of Buddhist teachings. From the point of view of gender approach in religious studies, these Tibetan Buddhist constants emphasize the special role of the feminine principle, which contributed to the formation of respect for a woman in Oirat society and the enhancement of her social status.
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The article is prepared for the anniversary of Professor L. V. Bayeva, the Dean of the Faculty of Social Communication. Her versatile scientific, pedagogical, and organizational activity is shown. The success achieved in this field is noted. She is a renowned expert in axiology and anthropology. She ... developed the concept of existential axiology which makes it possible to explore the dynamics of values, both in Russia and abroad on the basis of such a productive methodological approach. L. V. Baeva is from a generation of scientific philosophers who are aware of the challenges of the modern information age and are trying to answer the problems and questions that arise. Her research is relevant and provides an opportunity to navigate the realities of the digital age. Her work deals with the concept of philosophy of electronic culture which includes the analysis of virtual communication, information ethics, Internet gaming addiction, etc.
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Realization of a transport potential of Russia is base priority for the economy of the Russian state. The necessity of passing ahead development of a national transport system is conditioned by unit by the row of economy-гgeography and geostrategic factors. On the modern stage a stimulus and source ... of actualization of this task is globalization. Globalization of world economy puts before national economies the problem of competitiveness, that is related to the transition from the use of comparative advantages to forming of competitive edges, subsequent upon the use of new market strategy, scientific and technical achievements, investment and innovative support of all productive cycle. The system of international transport corridors (МТК) on territory of Russia is formed in accordance with geography and structure of existent and perspective international transport connections. Development of corridors fully determined by the imperatives of new economy, that are not simply pre-conditions of development of МТК, and реалиями, the following carries obligatory character that. МТК is determined as totality of main communications with the corresponding device of different types of transport, concertedly functioning in certain direction and answering the standards of international level. By the criteria of estimation of macroeconomic pre-conditions and terms of development of a transport corridor North-south at global level there must be a competitiveness allowing to provide the higher or unique quality level of services as compared to basic world competitors, and at interregional level is a decision of problems of territorial development and determination of possible consequences at the different variants of decision of the problems related to development of a transport corridor.
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Global highways, such as the North-South project, are a socio-economic phenomenon, largely formed by free volunteers of several states, which stimulate the selection of common interests necessary for their understanding. The birth of the idea of the «North - South» ITC in the depths of the Russian g ... overnment at the turn of the 2000s. Combines the following motives: an attempt to make money on the flow of Chinese goods in Europe by moving to cross-border transit routes through Iran, the countries of the Caspian sea and southern Russia; an attempt to give impetus to the Russian region of the Central, Volga and Caspian regions through linking production and growth of services along the MTC; and, of course, an attempt to enrich Russian-European relations with an interesting new initiative, which really shows the possibilities of Russia and neighboring countries.
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The article is devoted to the North-South international transport corridor («North - South» ITC). The transport corridor is seen as a way to strengthen the unity of the economic space of the country and the development of entrepreneurship and international cooperation. The article analyzes the curre ... nt situation of the transport corridor, as well as the role of the Astrakhan region, the port of Astrakhan and the port of Olya in its development. Efficient service of commodity exchange both within the region and in the direction of export/import is possible only with a developed transport and industrial logistics system. The author suggests ways to eliminate existing obstacles for the full launch of the «North - South» ITC and increase the volume of foreign trade between Russia, Iran and India, including dredging works in the Volga-Caspian shipping channel, simplifying customs procedures, fleet renewal, etc.
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The article deals with the problems of the international transport corridor "North - South" in the context of the geopolitical, infrastructural and informational competition in the territory of Eurasia. Attention is focused on the foreign policy of modern Azerbaijan in the context of the «North - So ... uth» ITC problems. The authors argue that solving the issues of attracting investment outside the hydrocarbon sector, Azerbaijan has relied on the development of logistics and transport infrastructure, which will allow it to become a transit hub along the «West - East» and «North - South» lines, which in turn will allow to realize one of the most urgent foreign policy tasks maintaining its own strategic autonomy.
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Back in 2005, J. Buchsteiner in the book «Hour of Asians. How Europe is being supplanted»demonstrated how, step by step, Europe can be destroyed by increasing the activity of the population from the countries of the East, both in Europe and around the world. According to the author, such features of ... mentality as activity, confidence, determination can contribute to the fact that Asians will soon seize Europe, which, in turn, is not ready for such an outcome of events. Today, Buchsteiner's prophecies are being fulfilled and the evidence of this is the implementation of the largest infrastructure project, the New Silk Road. The given article is about the prospects of this project in the field of economics and geopolitics for both China and Europe.
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The article consider the current position of international transport corridor "North - South" in context of changing Eurasia. The role and importance of this project examines on the global, national and regional levels. The author argues that convincing advertising and informational promotion of thi ... s project can show its indisputable importance for Russia and for all Caspian states. A special place in the implementation of this project belongs to Astrakhan with its transport and communication, geographical and educational advantages.
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