Issue 2018 No. 2 (55)

In history, a special role has always been given to the signs that embody the concept of the state, the Supreme power of the sovereign, the idea of his domination over his subjects. This article is devoted to the consideration of the main versions of the appearance in the Russian heraldry image of t ... he double-headed eagle, identified weaknesses and strengths in each of these versions, shown and understood the role of the appearance on the coat of arms of the double-headed eagle as a heraldic symbol of Russia.
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The tradition of erecting fountains, wells and other hydraulic structures arose because of the veneration of water in the East and the practical needs of agriculture (horticulture, viticulture) and handicraft production. That's why there were numerous fountains of Bakhchisaray. This article examines ... the actions of the city authorities to preserve and repair existing fountains and wells, as well as efforts to lay a new water pipe to address the city's pressing problems. Careful attitude to water was peculiar not only to rural residents, but also to townspeople. Fountains were usually built by rich people for the good of the city, in memory of important events in the life of its organizers. At the beginning of the nineteenth century the city had 120 fountains feeding from three powerful sources, according to the guidebooks. Money for their maintenance went from the 20 shops constructed from khans period and leased, income from a fruit garden in Syureni, from an inn in the Bakhchisaray. At the end of the nineteenth century the situation has deteriorated: fountains in Bakhchisarai remained a small number, and almost all of them were in a catastrophic state. The water supply network was not contained rationally, the water consumption in the fountains was uneven, and only a small part of the vacufic revenues was used for its intended purpose indicated in the Uprava decisions.
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In the article, on the basis of archival sources, the problems of assortment and quality of fabrics produced in 1955-1960 by one of the largest textile enterprises in the RSFSR - the Krasnodar Worsted Cloth Mill - are considered. An analysis of consumer demand for textile products and the causes of ... commodity shortages is conducted.
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The article compares the scientific and historical activities of the statistical committees of the Don and the Kuban. The process of development of regional historiography is being updated. Different points of view on the question of determining the nature of statistical information are given. A hie ... rarchy of members of the statistical information committee and a statistical work plan are described.
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The article analyzes the theme of physical education of women in the postwar period. All-Union physical culture complex "Ready for labor and defense" has acquired a multifunctional importance for our country in difficult times. Through sports and physical training (TRP), Soviet citizens had achieved ... victories in different fields (in the great Patriotic war, sports results). Military physical training and preparation of the TRP showed that the differences between a man and a woman are only for sex. Women are not inferior to men in physical, military, Patriotic education.
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The article analyses modern attempts to resolve the internal contradictions inherent in the articulation model of individual and state sovereigntiesformed in the Modern era and found its expression in the institution for citizenship. Citizenship loses its former functions in a complex dynamic system ... where the forms of macro-regional integrationare paradoxically articulated with the increasing autonomation of subregional entities. These functions are associated with establishing a relative balance betweenuniversal and particular, between autonomy and coercion in society, in a man. Citizenship as a political idea and political institution of modernity which was an expression of the individual sovereignty in its (individuality) relation to the state under present conditions seems to divide into mutually intersecting "strata". Each stratum is a symbolically designed set of adherences and bonds: the so-called "close" citizenship, typical for the subnational level and marked by strong but particular bonds; macro-regional citizenship in which the bonds are utilitarian but weakly institutionalized.The realia of the information society require a revision of the pillars in the modern concept of sovereignty. Firstly, it is the concept of universalism, secondly, the concept of political space and lastly, the concept of historical time and historicity.
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The article is devoted to the international conflicts that arise between the political actors in connection with the contradictions in realization of political interests, and political institutions designed to resolve such differences. The authors draw attention to the history and modernity of the i ... ssue being studied. For example, several countries in the Middle East describes the causes and possible ways of resolving international conflicts. The article uses methods of comparative analysis, structural and functional approach, methods of socio-logic, geography, geopolitics, and other interdisciplinary techniques for the analysis of factual and empirical material. For the illustration of the theoretical material, the data of sociological surveys, the results of the public opinion survey, historical dates, the names of scientists and figures in the field of politics and international relations were used. The authors of the article put the purpose of the study of the activities of political institutions and the mechanisms used by these institutions to resolve international conflicts. Taking into account the current conditions of political transformations and crisis phenomena in the world politics, an attempt is made to draw a conclusion about the need to reform and improve the development of international organizations and legislation in the field of regulation of interstate interaction. The attention is focused on such aspect of the research as international humanitarian law and the problems of its practical implementation; it refers to the predominant importance of personal rights and freedoms, humanization and peaceful settlement of any military conflict in order to avoid physical and material harm to civilians.
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The cryptocurrency is gaining its popularity and many people are interested in it, making plans for the future related to it, investing, paying for purchases. Since in our country the crypto currency has appeared relatively recently, we see that Russians are not sufficiently aware of this phenomenon ... . This article is only a part of a large-scale crypto currency study, conceived by the authors, in which the views on the crypto-currency of different population strata will be revealed. According to our opinion, young people have always been the most progressive part of society and according to our hypothesis the students of the technical university, the Caspian Sea and River Transport Institute (KIMRT), have the clearest ideas about what is connected with computer technologies, and therefore, with crypto currency. Such knowledge could be useful for specialists of the transport industry, since the specificity of their specialty often involves work in different countries. It is known that in many countries the crypto currency is the official means of payment and it is possible that one of them will be offered to get salary in the crypto currency. It was this hypothesis that motivated the conduct of the study among the KIMRT cadets. The authors analyzed the literature on this topic, questioned the students and conducted an included observation. To compare the data obtained, a questionnaire was also conducted with a similar instrumentation among the Astrakhan state university students.
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The article defines the essence of socio-political phenomena, denoted by political terms «civilizational styles of development of political processes» and «national styles of development of political processes», included in the passport of the scientific specialty 23.00.02 «Political institutions, p ... rocesses and technologies», author's definitions of these terms, the first of which indicates a qualitative characteristic of the totality of methods, methods, methods of activity of policy actors, systems according to the criteria worked out by concrete civilizational theories, and the second is a set of stable structural, functional, institutional, regulatory, legal, communicative and activity characteristics of the qualitative characteristics of political processes that vary according to the cultural traditions of specific nations. In the author's opinion, the term «civilizational style of the development of the political process» acquires a theoretical and practical significance only for the characteristics of nationally undefined civilizational models of political processes, and the term «national style of development of the political process» - when it is correlated with a specific nation. It is suggested to study the national styles of development of political processes on the materials of regions having places of compact residence of national, ethnic groups that have specific socio-cultural values, manifested in the forms and methods of activity of actors in the political process.
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The article is devoted to assessment of the general scales of dynamics of party system of modern Russia by means of the quantitative analysis. For the solution of an objective in work the research of statistical data on results State Duma elections in 1993-2016 with use of the modified index of elec ... toral volatility is conducted. The traditional technique of a research developed by M. Pedersen was guided only by dynamics of stable democracies and was under construction on calculation of changes of level of electoral support of parties. Materials of a research show need of detailed account not only fluctuations for support of parties by voters, but also the structural changes in party system happening during the period between elections to representative bodies of the power. It is for this purpose offered to add calculation of electoral volatility with calculation of the index of interelectoral volatility by a method E. Powell and J. Tucker and total indicator of the general volatility. In addition, this method demands adjustment as it in the initial version does not consider indicators of small parties. Only such technique allows estimating fully how essential were scales of changes in the Russian party system in the 1990th and what structure these changes had. The obtained data allow drawing a conclusion that after sharp splash volatility since 1999 quickly decreases, and even the new wave of party construction after 2012 did not exert impact on this tendency.
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This article reveals the specificity of the main contradictions of the SCO member States, as well as the prospects for the development of this organization, after the expansion of the number of participants. Today, the SCO is the largest international organization in the world after the UN in terms ... of the total population of the member States. The priority direction in the framework of the SCO activities is to increase cooperation in the field of security, strengthen the capacity of joint counteraction to modern threats and challenges.
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The article is devoted to the growing importance of the Asian direction for Russian interests, as well as the full-scale connections of the Russian Federation to the integration processes in the region. The modern world is undergoing profound transformations related to global challenges and the cont ... radictory nature of regional processes. In recent years, the role of Asia in the global system of international relations has increased noticeably. Asia is rightly attributed to one of the main driving forces of world development, the importance and role that will grow in the foreseeable future. This region attracts attention as a zone of dynamic economic growth and is one of the main centers of the world economy. Here, the interests of many states, primarily industrial and financial developed, are intertwined. The rapid development of Asia required the Russian Federation to reassess its national interests. There are serious prerequisites for the activation of Russia's policy in this region. As this direction gives confidence and stability to the general international situation of Russia, it strengthens the multi-vector nature of foreign policy
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Being a constant element of our daily life, the Another differs in its basic characteristics, the most important of which are language, appearance and the Vestamental and Alimentary culture. According to these markers, the image of the Stranger and his otherness is formed in our minds. Ours use the ... system of consumer signs, due to which they demonstrate their belonging to a certain layer, regardless of the individual's desire. Dissolving in the group of their Own, the individual begins to be involuntarily hostile to the external environment. Racial and ethnic prejudices are often associated with the formation of certain stereotypes of beauty. Somatic prejudices are a consequence of historical relationships between representatives of different racial groups, as well as a consequence of political and economic factors. Specific features of the development of societies in different parts of the world are clearly expressed in the variety of costumes that are a kind of "historical reference" of this society. Moreover, the more complex the structure of society, the more varied clothes became.
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The article is devoted to the problem of the influence of Buddhism on the position of women among the nomads of Central Asia. It is noted that the spread of Buddhism in Mongolia and Dzungaria helped to improve the status of women in society and increase their social status, which had been quite high ... before. And while there are not yet a significant number of facts that speak of the participation of women in the spread of Buddhism among the nomadic peoples of Central Asia, it can be assumed, by analogy with countries such as China, Japan, Tibet, that women from the court elite still played a role in this process. Buddhism also influenced the mentality of Mongolian women, who were known for their freedom and independence.
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The article raises the question of the development of a new type of domestic tourism in the Russian tourism services market, namely, the esoteric one. Its existential dimensions and other philosophical aspects are evaluated. The question of possible prospects of this direction of the tourism industr ... y development and the needs of people who are interested in such travels will be raised. Using the methods of logical generalization, comparison, complex approach, the author considers not just philosophical aspects as the foundations of the tourism industry, but justifies the interrelation of economic, social, and psychological mechanisms in the system of esoteric tourism development. The main accents in the article are made on the process of development of this direction in the framework of rural tourism. Actually, there is an eclectic mixture of concepts and terms in the developing directions of the tour industry. The article raises the problem, spreading the notion of esoteric tourism as such, and tourism with elements of esotericism. The phenomenon of awareness of one's own place in the system of the universe by the consumer of such tours is underlined. Esoteric tourism provides a perception of the picture of the surrounding reality without an intermediary. As a consequence, the formation of the existential thinking of the personality by the ezo-tours is taking place. In this regard, the conclusion is made about the possible expansion of the scope of travelers in the tour-industry, oriented to esoteric routes. In his conclusions the author formulates a number of philosophical grounds for esoteric tourism at this stage of society's development.The possibility of manifesting a phenomenon of some spiritual transmutation of a person (in a positive sense), carried away by esoteric tourism, is emphasized.
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The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the manifestation of national self-consciousness in Russian philosophical thought of the XIX - early XX centuries, which is regarded as part of the intellectual culture of Russia. In the process of research it is revealed that the problem field of intel ... lectual discourse, despite the fact that it is of a sufficiently versatile nature, is very stable and finds its expression, including, in modern philosophical thought. Traditional become a reflection about their own identity, messianic aspirations, the problem of relations with the European culture, attempts to determine the place of Russia in European civilization, peculiar manifestation of the image of the past. The constant striving for self-understanding of Russian thinkers designated as one of the main mental characteristics of Russian civilization and has become an important national trait, which is expressed through a number of identified issues. According to the author, their philosophical realization is a kind of attractor Russian intellectual discourse and does not lose its relevance in today's culture and philosophical thought. In summary noted that the characteristics of the national consciousness as a significant part of the intellectual culture of the mental form the core of the cultural and civilizational specifics Russia are reflected in many areas of society, manifested in the core values.
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In this article, the role of the Jewish question in the exegesis of the English scientist and theologian Isaac Newton, is investigated. It is demonstrated that Newton laid the foundation in Anglican theological thought of understanding the Biblical prophecies about the return of the Jews to Palestin ... e, in the literal sense (in the sense of restoration of their state, public institutions and government). As a result of the analysis of Newton's investigation of the Jewish question, it is found out that: 1) Newton is a supporter of premillennial eschatology; 2) Newton is a Restorationist thinker; that is, he defends the idea of the future return of the Jews to Palestine and creation of a new state of Israel; 3) Newton worked on the interpretation the return of Jews throughout most of life; 4) Newton scattered the study of the Jewish question to many of his manuscripts, so in order that we should properly understand his ideas about the fate of the Jewish people, a thorough study of many of his works, is necessary; 5) Newton believes that Scripture is replete with prophecies relating to expulsion, scattering, return and conversion of the Jews, especially in the prophetic books of the Old Testament. As particularly important in the context of understanding the entire fate of the Jewish people, Newton provides the Abrahamic Covenant. Newton saw the main proof of the final conversion of the Jews to the Christ in the prophecy of Christ about the end of the world set forth in the Gospel of Matthew, Chapter 24.
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Religious networks, representing one of the oldest ideologically designed world network structures, are an important part of the modern networked society. At the present stage, religious network space can be represented as the imposition of transnational network flows on virtual and social networks ... of traditional religious institutions. In this article, two stages of the formation of the Protestant network structure are considered: traditional and virtual. Appearing in Russia in the 16th century, Protestantism was actively developing in our country, creating today a whole network of associations. The author made an attempt to typify Protestant associations by confessional identity, as well as to consider the main direction of these associations in real and virtual spaces. The purpose of the article is to identify the specifics of networked Protestant associations in the territory of the Astrakhan region. The main methodology of the study is the content analysis of regional sites of Protestant religious communities.
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This article analyzes the projects of restructuring of Russia from the position of two representatives of Decembrism: Nikita Muravyov and Pavel Pestel. The political ideas of these two persons formed the ideology and theory of political radicalism. In the author's opinion, the ideology of the Decemb ... rists for Russia is the first original project on the forced reorganization of society. The political project of the Decembrists is presented in comparison with the widespread types of mass protests in Russia before the December movement.
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This article is focuses an extensive and relatively young field of scientific knowledge - the theory of decision-making. The author turns to stratagic thinking and considers the possibility of its application in the sphere of management, in particular in security agencies. In this research, the foll ... owing issues are consistently disclosed: the place of stratagic thinking in the theory of decision-making, its concept, structure and functions. Particular attention is paid to the stratagic analysis of the situation and the specifics of the stratagic algorithm, as well as the understanding of managerial levels in the social management organization.
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The article reveals two models of the existence of the concept of "immortality" in the world of "virtual realities": 1. Immortality in the virtual game space of a computer game, where modern online gaming and other computer programs, virtual reality platforms and IT technologies represent the newest ... version of the symbolic experience, which results in erasing the boundaries between game and reality. Thus, simulation worlds become reality, and reality becomes simulacrum. Modern man lives in a world of dreams, computer games or virtual simulations that excite him more than the real world. 2. Immortality as a result of the transfer of consciousness into a virtual environment. It is a concept of special technologies that allow to broadcast the personality of an individual on long-term storage media. In this case, the transfer of consciousness does not always imply a complete rejection of the biological body. The conclusion is drawn that digital immortality in the virtual-gaming space of the computer game is a real model for the existence of the concept of "immortality" in the world of "virtual realities", but immortality as a result of the transfer of consciousness in the virtual world is only a project, but major steps in this direction are already taken now.
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The collapse of the Russian Empire is largely predetermined by internal crisis facts, burdened by the emerging external problems. Among the internal factors most often called the revolutionary situation, when the lower classes do not want to live the old way, and the tops cannot manage as before. It ... is precisely because the tops cannot "manage and manage as before" that the process of the split of the elites is witnessing. The political polemics of the pre-revolutionary years were about the quality of Russian power and the historical mission of the Russian intelligentsia. The intellectual elite itself was split into several irreconcilable ideological and political camps. As a result, the very assessment of the quality of power also has a very wide range of opinions, which significantly complicates the work of modern research on the freedom of general and private opinions. It was the inability to come to inner agreement and ruined the authoritarian and liberal elite communities of imperial Russia, opening the way to power to authoritarian-totalitarian revolutionary elites.
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System training in a rapidly developing digital economy will require significant changes in the methodology and quality of the educational process, clarification and adjustment of the most general vector of higher education. The most popular professions today are the specialties from the group of IT ... -technologies. It is in their midst that the most important (fundamental) professional conflicts arise, related to the definition of a common vector for the development of new technologies. Most often we are talking about the latest methods of training professional staff. Obviously, the specific improvement in the quality of this prestigious education should be formulated within the framework of a political response to the systemic demands of the 21 century. Russia has a rich experience in implementing similar projects. Domestic science tries to work on advancing, and tries to form and formulate an agenda.
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The review is focusedon the monograph by A.A. Vartumian and T.A. Kornienkoon the political process and the features of modernization models in non-Western societies. The review contains an assessment of the presented in the monograph characteristics of the political process and political regime in t ... he countries of Asia, Latin America and Russia.
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