Issue 2022 No. 3 (72)

The article describes the religious incident, which consisted in open disobedience and refusal of the icons, the group of sectarian-judaizers living in the village of Mikhailovka Astrakhan province in the middle of the XIX century. The term "revolt", rendered in the title, is enclosed in quotes, bec ... ause large scale this incident did not buy. Nevertheless, administrative-military intervention and the threat of expulsion were required to return sectants to Orthodoxy. The purpose of the article is to establish the peculiarities of the behavior of the sectarians of the people in the province, in particular, an increased degree of religiosity, submissal by the leaders of sectarian groups and conflict with respect to the church and secular authorities. The author concludes that the predominance of the militating management method on border, frontier territories, in particular, in the Nizhnevolzhsky Frontyr, to which the Astrakhan province belonged. The relevance and scientific novelty of the article are to introduce new data into scientific turnover and analysis of the behavior of the Astrakhan sectarians-judaizers in conditions of external suppression, both by the internal mission of the Russian Orthodox Church and the Administration of the province. The article applies analytical, interpretative and axiological scientific methods.
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The modern Russian economy has a high level of monopolization due to significant share of state ownership. This problem gives rise to numerous disputes among modern economists and experts. So, monopolization of the Russian Empire’s economy is relevant now. Based on the analysis of archival documents ... stored in the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire (AVPRI), the process of monopolization of cargo and passenger traffic in the Caspian Sea by such large companies as the Caucasus and Mercury and the Bureau of Persian Transport is considered; the influence of this process on the qualitative side of the development of the transport business of the mentioned carriers is shown. The article shows that at the end of the 19 century a fierce competition has developed between numerous transport companies in the Caspian Sea for the transportation of passengers and goods between Russian and Persian ports. This process was negatively assessed by the Russian government, which understood it as a factor holding back the intensification of trade between Russia and Iran. In this regard, it accepted with approval the process of creating a large monopoly - the "United Society for the Transportation and Insurance of Cargoes in Persia", which united a number of large shipping companies that were previously in a competitive struggle with each other. An analysis of the materials on the activities of the established monopoly showed that the government's actions led to the opposite effect: the elimination of competition between previously independent transport companies led to a decrease in the share of their cargo transported in the total volume of Russian-Iranian trade. At the same time, the monopoly demonstrated the absence of a desire not to increase the volume of supplies, but only to maintain the level of the achieved indicators.
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The relevance of the problem under study lies in the fact that the cultural heritage has been and remains the determining factor for the preservation of national and cultural identity as the basis of national security. Scientific societies played a significant role in the protection of cultural heri ... tage in that time. Hence, the purpose of the study is to determine the significance of the restoration theory and methodology of the Moscow Archaeological Society in a comparative aspect in the system of methods for preserving monuments as valuable phenomena. The source base of the article is, first of all, the minutes of both the general meetings of the MAO and its Commission for the Preservation of Monuments, as well as their annual reports. The publications of the authors on the problem being developed in the Antiquities of the MAO and Izvestiya IAK were also primary sources. The article is based on the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity, consistency. In addition to the general scientific methods used, the historical-comparative method is important, with the help of which different views on the problem were compared and conclusions were drawn. Among the scientific community, there was no unified approach in understanding the content of the restoration and the term, but, nevertheless, there was a closeness of views on the goals and objectives of the restoration, the stages of its process, the assessment of the significance of previous changes to the monument, the impossibility of recreating it in its original form, the definition of the original positions for a new restoration. The concept of archaeological restoration by the French scientist Viollet-le-Duc, based on the idea of creating an objective history, was used in Russia, taking into account the specifics of the country. Unlike modern restoration scientific principles of the 19th-early 20th centuries. were created in the context of practical tasks of archeology. The prevailing archaeological method offered to take into account the dynamics of the development of the monument, and to destroy later changes only if they lacked artistic and historical value. The stylistic method, in contrast to the archaeological method, is focused on restoring the appearance of the monument, which in principle is not very acceptable for the MAO. The restoration views of the members of the MAO N. V. Nikitina, V. I. Sizova, A. M. Pavlinova, A. P. Pavlova; representatives respectively of the IAK and the Synod P.P. Pokryshkin and Umetsky.
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In modern conditions, the search for effective ways to implement the continuity of various levels and stages of national education, as well as the creation of optimal models of programs focused on the formation of students' civic identity, the experience of the pre-revolutionary school for the devel ... opment of national education becomes relevant. One of the bright pages of Russian vocational education is the opening in 1912 in St. Petersburg of the School of Folk Art, whose activities were based on the Orthodox faith, traditional culture and folk art. This article is devoted to the consideration of the features of the creation and functioning of the national School of Folk Art as a unique educational institution. The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics of the curriculum and pre-revolutionary educational activities of the School. The article is based on the materials of the Niva magazine for 1914 and special literature on the research topic. The methodological basis of the research is the theoretical analysis of the main provisions of sources and literature, as well as the systematization of the facts studied. The paper reveals such features of the activity of the School of Folk Art as the training of masters - future instructors in various areas of artisanal artistic activity, in the training of which copying of the best museum samples was used, work on creating their own museum fund, referral to practice in Russian historical centers of artistic excellence, where the pupils not only studied, but also demonstrated the skills acquired at school.
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The article is devoted to the anti-religious activities of Soviet atheists in the 1920s. 20th century. The problem of the use of the negative image of Orthodox monasteries in anti-religious propaganda, the desacralization of which was an important part of the anti-religious propaganda of the period ... under study, is considered. The Soviet public organization "Union of Militant Atheists" played a direct role in this direction of anti-religious propaganda. This public structure published not only the newspaper Bezbozhnik, which was the leading print organ specializing specifically in the aggressive propaganda of atheism, but also a whole range of anti-religious literature. In particular, the book of the Soviet atheist N. A. Semenov's "Holy Mount Athos" was aimed precisely at the desacralization of Athos, which in the mass Orthodox consciousness was an authoritative center of Orthodox monasticism and the location of a number of well-known Orthodox shrines. It is for this reason that the author of the book set the goal of negatively consecrating the life and way of life of the monks of Athos in the eyes of readers. This article analyzes numerous cases of negative mention of Orthodox monasteries in Soviet propaganda publications of the Union of Militant Atheists. The book by N. A. Semenov "Holy Mount Athos", as an example of an attempt to desacralize Orthodox monasteries in the public consciousness. The history of the anti-religious policy of the Soviet state is studied. When writing the article, the author used the historical-systemic method of cognition and the principle of historicism.
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The relevance of the study of various aspects of the Nazi occupation regime that existed in the North-West of Russia is due to the specifics of the region during the war period, which consists in the duration of its occupation by Nazi armies, the formation of a very stable system of occupation admin ... istration here, active resistance to the occupiers, the existence of partisan edges and zones here. The purpose of the work is based on the analysis of archival documentary sources to show the Nazi occupation policy towards children and adolescents, to determine the nature of crimes against them. The scientific novelty of the research consists both in the analysis of the occupation policy itself against children and adolescents, the study of the forms and methods of its implementation in the territory of the North-West of Russia, and in the classification of documentary sources through the prism of identifying crimes against childhood committed by the occupiers in the region under consideration. Comparative-historical and statistical methods, the method of source studies, structural-diachronic and system analysis are used in the work on the article. The research is based on the documentary sources of the central and regional archives of the cities of the North-West of Russia. Among them are acts of district and village commissions to investigate the atrocities of the Nazi invaders, questionnaires of citizens who returned from forced labor, questionnaires of citizens who returned from forced labor, documents of the Leningrad headquarters of the partisan movement, documents of personal origin submitted by letters and memoirs of residents. Numerous archival documents testify to the nature of the crimes committed against childhood. Mass crimes against children and adolescents were accompanied not only by the punitive actions of the occupiers, they were the basis of their policy aimed at exterminating the local population, at stealing them to forced labor, including to Germany as cheap labor.
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Currently, one of the main problems of the defense and blockade of Leningrad during the Great Patriotic War is the study of the problem of functioning of the artery most important for the residents of the besieged city - «Military Highway No. 101», or «Road of Life». The relevance of this study has ... led to research interest both in the emergence of the above-mentioned project and in the personality of S. S. Golushkevich as the main theorist of the ice crossing. The purpose of the publication was to analyze the role of the country's leading scientists in the creation of the Road of Life and the personal contribution of the chief designer Sergey Sergeevich Golushkevich to its development. In the article, the author, using archival documents, memoirs and bibliographic materials, showed the contribution of the Soviet military engineer, Doctor of Technical Sciences Golushkevich to the creation of an ice track. The materials of the regional archives made it possible to analyze the content of the project «Roads of Life». In his work with sources and literature, the author primarily relied on autobiographical, historical-genetic and comparative methods, the method of historicism and system-functional analysis and synthesis, which made it possible to perform a historiographical analysis of the research problem. The author comes to the conclusion that academic and industrial cooperation, formed back in peacetime, contributed to the emergence of an ice route connecting Leningrad with the rest of the country. The "Road of Life" was not only a unique project, but also became an important event for the residents of the besieged city in general, through the transport highway Leningraders received provisions, medicines and raw materials to support life in Leningrad.
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The article is devoted to the study of the problem of reconstructing the lifestyle of children and adolescents in the occupied territories of the Leningrad region in 1941-1944. The purpose of the article is to determine the limits of the effectiveness of using diary entries when studying the specifi ... cs of the lives of children and adolescents under the occupation of Soviet territories during the Great Patriotic War. The direction of the research is to identify the informative possibilities of a personal diary as a special historical source. Personal diaries are highly informative compared to other types of sources of personal origin. The appeal to sources of personal origin as the main type of sources when studying the lifestyle of children and adolescents under occupation is due to the need to analyze private events that are not reflected in official documentation. The analysis of such information in combination with the data of the "big history" (official documents) allows us to develop a multifaceted, voluminous and versatile vision of everyday practices. This article focuses on studying the specifics of the perception of major historical events by children and adolescents who survived the Nazi occupation and identifying the features of their perception and fixation of historical reality in the framework of personal diaries.
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The publication is devoted to the reconstruction of the political ideas of the founder of the Siberian regionalism (regionalism) in the field of prison science. As a goal, the author sees an attempt at a historical and political analysis of the views of N. M. Yadrintsev on state programs for prison ... reforms in the Russian Empire. The study is based on published and archival sources. First of all, the source base includes materials of personal origin - letters and memoirs, as well as publications in pre-revolutionary publications. The study was mainly based on the tools of hermeneutic methodology. To implement the research ideas, the methods of political and textual analysis and the historical and biographical approach were also used. The publication shows the involvement of N. M. Yadrintsev to reform the penitentiary policy of pre-revolutionary Russia in the framework of his active cooperation with the commission on prison reforms of the famous reformist count. It is emphasized that the Siberian regionalist wrote comments on the draft commission of Count V. A. Sollogub, developed a project of trustee and patronage societies, prepared various notes on the system of punishments. The author found that in the political doctrine of N. M. Yadrintsev a certain place is occupied by the problem of punishment. It has been established that the founder of the political ideology of the Siberian regionalism can be considered a prison science in pre-revolutionary Russia.
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Slavophilism, as a self-sufficient phenomenon of domestic social thought of the 19th century, united bright, extraordinary personalities who did not want to create a single political program or a single ideology. Based on common key postulates, they consistently defended the idea of national identit ... y, historical path of Russia's development that differed from the Western. At the same time, it is widely believed that the Slavophile movement was divorced from the real life and socio-political practice. The purpose of this article is to consider the views of the outstanding Slavophil Alexander Ivanovich Koshelev (1806-1883) regarding the best political system for Russia in the 19th century. Largely thanks to him, this course began gradually move from a predominantly theoretical plane into an applied one. The well-known works of the Slavophil were involved in the article: «The Constitution, autocracy and the Zemskaya Duma» (1862), «The General Zemskaya Duma in Russia» (1875), his biographical Notes, etc. Particular attention is paid to the idea of creating an all-Russian representative body - the General Zemskaya Duma. Opposing the introduction of constitutionalism as a form of government, that was alien to national traditions, mentality and a special social organization of the Russian people, A. I. Koshelev proposed to introduce legislative representation, on condition that autocracy would be preserved.
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The definition of the philosophical foundations of a specific political and legal concept is the starting point of its analysis and criticism. This article is devoted to the identification of the basic philosophical premises of the political teaching of Boris Nikolaevich Chicherin. There is still a ... widespread belief that the guiding thread of all the philosophical constructions of the Russian thinker was the transposition of the foundations of Hegelian philosophy. However, Chicherin's developments also reveal the influence of Kant’s philosophy and Christian metaphysics; independent reflections of the author cannot be enclosed in the framework of any paradigm. The most clearly polarized positions of Hegel and Chicherin are found in the philosophy of the personality of the Russian thinker. From Chicherin's point of view, in the system of the classic of German philosophy, the personality turns out to be absorbed by a common spiritual substance, being only its private constituent element that does not possess self-worth. Chicherin himself proceeded from the assertion of the highest value and absolute likeness of the human personality, which was justified by its participation in the Divine Principle. This provision supported the thesis that a person has free will. On these grounds, the philosophical-right theory of the thinker was erected. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the consideration of the personalistic principle as a starting point of Chicherin's constructions in the field of philosophy of law. It is found that the idea of the highest value of the human personality, the inviolability of its identity and freedom was the starting point for the philosopher's constructions in the field of political, economic and legal theory, when solving national and religious issues. By comparing Chicherin's views with the views of other personalist philosophers, it is demonstrated that in the sphere of political theorizing, the personalistic principle can have various variations of disclosure.
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The article discusses the aesthetic concepts of Konstantin Leontiev (1831-1891), I. Kant and F. Nietzsche. The author explores the interrelation and differences of the ideas of Kant, Nietzsche and Leontiev on aesthetics, and also substantiates the similarity of the aesthetic concepts of Leontiev and ... Nietzsche, which allowed the Russian thinker to be considered a harbinger of Nietzscheanism. It is revealed in the article that aesthetics is the main criterion for Konstantin Leontiev on the basis of which the thinker appraises all phenomena occurring in life and nature (the so-called "aesthetics of life"), and also explores the essence of the world and the laws of its development. The author substantiates that aestheticism had a significant impact on the formation of Leontiev's socio-political views. Despite the fact that Leontiev went from a period of short-term fascination with liberal ideas to the stage of radical conservatism, aestheticism has always remained the unchanging foundation on which the thinker created his socio-political concepts. At the same time, Leontiev's aestheticism was not an ideology, but an integral worldview of the thinker, which conditioned his acceptance of conservative views. The research analyzes the works of Konstantin Leontiev, I. Kant and F.Nietzsche, as well as the works of Russian scientists devoted to the socio-political views of Leontiev.
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The article considers the historical experience of the modernization development of the Soviet North Caucasus. The problematics of the article has not only historical, but also modern sounding, due to the complex dynamics of ethno-migration, socio-cultural and modernization processes, a significant ... conflict potential of historical memory in the North Caucasus. The purpose of the study is to determine the role of Russians in the formation of Soviet modern institutions in the multi-ethnic frontier region. Soviet modernization was a transition from a traditional society to a modern one. In terms of goals, means and results, it was reduced to industrial and material progress, the hallmark of Soviet modernization was the predominance of more traditional collectivist principles. In the course of modernization in the North Caucasus, advanced industrial production and the corresponding political and sociocultural mechanisms were formed, which made it possible to support and develop these processes. The Soviet project was based on rapid industrialization, rapid socio-cultural transformations, urbanization, support and promotion of social progress. The first decades of Soviet power became a turning point for the North Caucasus. It was during this period that modern industry and social infrastructure were created in the region, the urban population sharply increased, and a significant layer of the national intelligentsia was formed. At the same time, many of the main trends and processes that influenced the development of the region in the post-Soviet period were laid. The Russians of the North Caucasus became the main conductor of the Soviet modernity institutions. They acted as the bearer of the basic institutions of Russian culture, became the core of the scientific and technical intelligentsia, healthcare and education in the region. Modernization was facilitated by the migration of the Russian population to the region, which continued in the 1920s and 1950s 20th century. In the 70s-80s, the decline in the number of Russians in the North Caucasus and their outflow from national autonomies begins. This was due to the beginning of the downward dynamics of demographic processes, the slowdown and subsequent stagnation of socio-economic development. The ethnic composition of large cities is also changing significantly, the migration of North Caucasian peoples to cities is intensifying, which has led to significant socio-cultural transformations. In general, the outflow of the Russian population that began during this period had long-term negative consequences for the economy, social sphere, and sociocultural development of the region.
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Modern political elites have entered the time of their systemic crisis associated with the inability to adequately adapt to the change of historical eras - they are stuck between late industrialism and early post-industrialism. They are currently experiencing a real mental breakdown associated with ... the crisis of their worldview and the deterioration of general cognitive abilities. The political elites of the collective West show the worst selection in the last hundred years. What is happening to the current generation of politicians has been called a political carnival in scientific and journalistic literature, testifying to the breakdown of classical politics and its replacement by ersatzpolitics. This has happened many times in political history. It will be enough here to recall the works of ancient authors (Suetonius, Plutarch, Procopius of Caesarea) to understand how deeply carnival political culture sometimes affects the elite strata of society and distorts their very power beyond recognition. The cognitive abilities of many modern Western politicians leave much to be desired, as they look very primitive and, in general, represent a flashy element of political carnival culture. They talk a lot, but practically do not bear any responsibility for everything they say. It is responsibility that becomes the first victim of the political carnival. Following this, moral foundations are destroyed, mental abilities and strong-willed qualities are degrading. Elites and their leaders turn into formless jelly.
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Political parties, since their inception as a political institution, have played a crucial role in politics. As noted in both Russian and foreign scientific literature, social networks are becoming more and more important in the modern world. They also come to the fore in the field of politics. Rese ... archers are faced with the question of whether the presence of a party in social media influences the promotion of political participation, as well as how these indicators are interrelated. Various social networks allow political parties and their leaders to attract an audience of supporters, build interaction with them, and expand the reach of the electorate. The indicator of the number of subscribers allows us to judge how many Internet users are ready to constantly monitor the activity of a particular party and update its content. The activity of political parties in social networks can be considered both, in general, at the federal and regional levels. To achieve the objectives of this study, the presence of regional and local branches of political parties in the main social media was analyzed using the example of the Ryazan region.
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The study is aimed at determining the instrumental potential of the left political agenda as a technology of manipulation and communication influence in modern public politics. The author comes to the conclusion that leftist movements in Western Europe and North America often have political interest ... s, and some political actors use them to their advantage to change the media, social, political and economic landscape. The media constructs of the left political agenda are used to reduce the level of diversity and complexity of the object of management, to form the content of public policy, to construct the surrounding world of citizens, including electoral procedures and the perception of democracy. Education and critical thinking skills are becoming increasingly important in the fight against manipulation and propaganda. The author substantiates the current direction of the information and communication impact carried out in Western countries by the values of political elites. The methodological basis of the work was the work of S.V. Volodenkov, J. Ellul and J. Ritzer, as well as other works of leading foreign and Russian scientists. In the course of the study, general scientific methods were used, such as scientific observation, system analysis, comparison, abstraction and the historical method.
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The past 40 years have seen rapid development of the Chinese economy, which in turn has contributed to China's emergence as one of the most powerful states in the modern world. In this connection in the article authors give general characteristics of political and economic situation in the Asia-Paci ... fic region, consider current position of the People’s Republic of China in it, and in the world as a whole, define prospects and problems of formation of modern foreign policy priorities of PRC. The authors conduct a comparative and historical analysis of China's changing role in the Asia-Pacific region and in the international system as a whole, as well as changes in the vectors of its foreign policy. The analysis of China's foreign policy priorities examines China's key steps in its political and military cooperation with Asia-Pacific countries. It highlights the main prerequisites for establishing China's hegemony in the Asia-Pacific region and in the world at large, analyzes its economic, cultural, military and technological performance, as well as the main tools on this path, in particular soft power tools. The paper also considers the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on China's position on the world stage.
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China and Iran have had trade, military and cultural ties for more than two thousand years. The legendary Silk Road, joint defensive activities, economic cooperation, exchange of goods and services, all this connected China and Iran long before the beginning of the history of many other Asian states ... . Both countries experienced revolutions, change of ruling regimes and the advent of new power. They maintained friendly relations. At present, when similar events are taking place in the world, when Western countries are pressing, imposing rules and imposing restrictions, one of the best ways out is to unite to support their own interests, defend their own interests and effectively resist hegemony. The global processes of the modern world demonstrate the interconnection and interdependence of all members of the world community. Popular methods of suppression and not always effective methods of influence have an impact and lead to consequences in all countries. When some participants in geopolitical events do not want to exist in peace and mutual understanding, for countries that have found themselves under restrictions, uniting with old friends and partners of interest helps strengthen their own power, increase resources to successfully resist aggressors.
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After the end of the existence of the Soviet Union, the legal framework developed by Persia and the USSR lost its relevance. However, the legal agreements reached have established a legal basis for the orientation of negotiation mechanisms in a five-sided format. After having analyzed the agreements ... reached during the period of bilateral relations and assessing them with modern geopolitical processes. The formation of the fundamental principles of relations in the region during this period should be taken into account. From the point of view of geopolitical regional processes, key political events on a global scale taking place in this period (the Islamic Revolution of 1979 and the collapse of the socialist camp) formed the foundations of the geopolitical realities of the modern Caspian region. This paper analyzes the main legal documents concerning the Caspian region reached in the XX century, taking into account the influence of the heritage of the last century on modern geopolitical processes in the region of the Caspian Sea. Аnalyzing bilateral and five-sided legal documents affecting the Caspian Sea, it is necessary to highlight the commonality of the approach in determining the legal status of the Caspian Sea. This issue, after the termination of the existence of the bilateral platform, was a priority task. It is necessary to highlight that, before the five Caspian states reach a convention on the legal status of the Caspian Sea. The regulatory factors in the region of the Caspian Sea were the provisions of legal documents between the USSR and Iran, it is important to highlight the key ones: the treaty between the RSFSR and Persia of February 26, 1921 and the treaty on trade and navigation between the USSR and Iran of March 25, 1940.
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The article deals with the concept of the modern state in the political theory of M. Weber. The appeal to his intellectual heritage is dictated by the actual challenges of our time, especially, by the global trend towards changing the place and role of the state in the socio-political organization o ... f modern society. In order to reconstruct the concept of the modern state, the author analyzes both the fundamental works of Weber and the works of well-known Russian and foreign researchers of his theoretical heritage. With the help of socio-philosophical and comparative analysis, it is shown that legitimate physical violence and bureaucracy are the most important features of a modern state. The relationship between the types of the legitimacy of political power and social action proposed by Weber and widely used in social science is characterized. The specificity of the modern bureaucratic state is revealed, the main features of bureaucracy as a way of organizing the political life of society are analyzed. The author notes that the process of bureaucratization is a natural consequence of the increasing rationalization of the public administration system and public life in general. It is concluded that the most significant features of the modern state, according to Weber, can be called the bureaucratization of political domination, as well as the increasing role of violence as the main tool for legitimizing the political order of modern society.
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The design of thinking in categories of value is a notable milestone in the history of philosophy. The methodological significance of value remains, however, not fully disclosed. One of the topical issues is, in particular, the question of the correlation of value theories and the pluralization of c ... ognition, since the end of the XIX century. To solve it, the proposed work used comparative and hermeneutic methods, as a scientific basis - the works of a number of major modern historians of philosophy (P. P. Gajdenko, Yu. V. Perov and V. Yu. Perov, V. K. Shohin). As a result, the article notes the role played in this process by the teachings that arose in non-classical philosophy: from the aestheticism of S. Kierkegaard to the polyontic ontology of N. Hartmann. Based on the reference to their philosophical works, it is shown that, thanks to the allocation of the principle characteristic of the value picture of the world (all areas of existence are valuable and equally deserve to be an object of knowledge, including in a non-scientific form), by the beginning of the XX century, important prerequisites for expanding the ideas of the “rational” had developed. The development of axiology, thus, not only contributed to the “emancipation” of the humanities, but also pushed the process of “rehabilitation” of extra-scientific forms of cognition, as well as the transition to cognitive and ideological pluralism.
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The article is devoted to the problem of the development of information policy of Russian Orthodox Church in modern media. The main goal of the article is to define the factors that challenge ROC in the media sphere and identify some solutions to these challenges. The process of creation of the info ... rmation policy of the Church is a unique one as it influences the inner organization of the Church as well as its external communications. The study covers the time period of 2011-2022 and uses historical and analytical research methods. The sources for this work are the official information means of ROC, which it uses in the Internet. The process of exploration of the virtual space resulted in the optimization of certain departments inside the body of the Church as well as in growth of documentation and bureaucratic apparatus and appearance of new forms of communication between the Church and the society. Although, the options and potential of the Internet haven’t been fully made use of and haven’t led to an open public dialogue.
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The article provides a categorical and structural analysis of such a concept as "regional identity", which is quite important for understanding the situation in the regions, analyzes the problems that arise when defining this phenomenon and considers approaches to its definition. In the process of a ... nalysis, the levels of regional identity are identified: micro-regional, regional, macro-regional. An important factor of belonging to a certain regional identity is differentiation into One's own, regionals, and Strangers located outside of it. In modern conditions, this factor becomes one of the axial in the structuring of modern society. In the process of analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that in most definitions the emphasis is not just on belonging to a certain territorial community, but on awareness, feeling, emotional acceptance of this community at the level of One's own. The article analyzes approaches to the structure of regional identity and reveals the difficulties of its formation and structuring in such macro-regions as the Caspian. This is due to the collapse of the Soviet Union with its dominant collective identity - the "Soviet people", and the construction of new national identities in the post-Soviet space. The process of construction is not finished yet and largely depends on the constantly transforming socio-political situation. In conclusion, the importance of identity issues for the construction of the security system of the region is indicated.
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The purpose of the article is a philosophical understanding of the brand phenomenon as a socio-cultural product, which reflects not only the level of development of production and consumption, but also the system of values and traditions existing in society. The relevance of the research is due to t ... he formation of an information society in which branding is the most important technology for the development of the territory. The philosophical approach to branding involves the use of hermeneutical techniques and procedures. Justifying the philosophical approach to the technology of branding local spaces, the authors come to the conclusion that branding is a social practice that should be understood from the point of view of its impact on the development of the territory, the optimization of human life and society. The process of branding is revealed in philosophical discourse as one of the varieties of social practices constructed by man and subjected to critical rethinking. The philosophical approach to branding reveals the borderline nature of this problem, which requires an interdisciplinary approach. Philosophical modeling of branding of socio-cultural objects allows us to build models that identify promising areas of concrete scientific research of local spaces.
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The posthumanistic trend in modern ontology describes the world in the structure of numerical relations that form the sphere of existence without a person. Eliminating the anthropological factor from the postmodern reality of numbers, posthumanism represents a schematic topic in which there is somet ... hing peculiar to a machine, but not to a person. Anthropological reality, transformed in the process of the fatal path of Western philosophy from Socratic rationalism to the "death of man”, was faced with another existential choice: either to finally renounce the subjectivity that defines a person, being nothing, or to annihilate in the stream of digitalization codes. The latter scenario is being developed in the concept of " Chthulucene" by the representative of accelerationism Donna Haraway, who asserts the ontology of sim-poetry based on the tentacular interaction of living and inanimate representatives of the Earth. In this project, a person acts as a compost, condemned by the whole course of his history to disappear. But, like any categorical statement, this thesis requires a critical analysis from the point of view of the Russian philosophical tradition and other interpretations of the definition of man. A person limited by the frames of biology and exclusively scientific interpretation receives a lacuna in his being-in-the-world as belonging to a non-existent, spatial discourse, but to a temporal, ontological plane of being, according to M. Heidegger. The task of D. Harraway is the elimination of the ontological boundary between man and being, the transformation of a person belonging to time and subjectivity into one of the ontic constructs related exclusively to the space of objects. The subjects of Haraway's sim-poetic world are calculated and objectified using mathematical methods that allow overcoming subjectivity in this ontic scheme, but it is impossible to overcome what is not in ontics, but is given to a person: a sense of time and insight into the essence of things, a vision of unreadable meaning, its generation in the process of authentic understanding of poetry as not a collective spatial production, but the expansion of anthropological reality through art.
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