Issue 2018 No. 3 (56)

The article gives an outline of the history of the preparation of the peasantry, or land reform of 1861 in Russia, the role in this process of the representatives of the Slavophile theory, such as Samarin (1819-1876), Koshelev (1806-1883), Prince Cherkassky (1824-1878), who acted as nobility profess ... ional "experts" on the "peasant question". The article estimates the notes, articles and other works of these authors, who dreamed of establishing social harmony in the country, the Russian "people's monarchy" and having that goal in view prepared various projects for the liberation of peasants. It is concluded that the position of numerous representatives of a range of nobility and professional experts involved in the discussion of the peasant question, was powerless facing the personal will of the autocratic monarch, who supported the version of the project, which robbed the nobility, and deceived the peasantry.
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The article deals with the anti-religious policy of the Soviet state against the Buddhist clergy. Having destroyed churches and monasteries, turning over the possessions of all faiths to the state, the Soviet government subjected priests to repression. In most cases, there were no legal grounds for ... that at all. The main criterion for the prosecution was the social status of being the priest. Repressions against Buddhist clergy in Kalmykia and Buryatia were carried out by a rather extensive system of organizations of the OGPU, NKVD and extrajudicial bodies under the leadership of the party committees. In the 1930s, in these republics, significant number of Buddhist priests was sentenced to various punishments, up to the death penalty illegally. By 1938 in Kalmykia, all Churches and Buddhist temples had been closed, many Buddhist clergymen had to leave the service in order to avoid persecution, most of them were subjected to repression by judicial and extrajudicial bodies. In neighboring states where the population professed Buddhism the clergy was subjected to repression as well. In the Mongolian and Tuva people's republics, like in the USSR, by the end of the 1930s, as the result of the struggle against religion of the population monasteries had been actually liquidated and spiritual people had been repressed.
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The article is show the role of the fishing industry in Astrakhan during the Great Patriotic War. After the loss of fisheries in the Baltic and Black Seas in the first months of the war, the Caspian fishing area has become the main supplier of fish products to the Red Army and the major industrial c ... enters of the country. In addition, the delicacies produced at Astrakhan fisheries as balyk of whitefish, sturgeon and black caviar were a significant source of currency for the belligerent country. The work of the Astrakhan fishing industry in those years seemed so important that it was directly controlled by the State Defense Committee. The article is highlighting the difficulties faced by fish industry workers in the Caspian Sea and ways to address them, often very original, to match the heroic time. For numerous examples the authors show the selfless labor of fishermen and fish processing workers.
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The research of activity of Imperial Russian technical society allows to characterize as very considerable his contribution to modernization of an oil industry. Formation of the Russian technical society was a boundary event in evolution of the state scientific and technical policy has provided acce ... leration of rates of the Russian industrialization, modernization of the industry, formation of her national personnel capacity. IRTO were attracted the conducting domestic and foreign scientists for the purpose of introduction of the latest developments of the equipment and technology of oil production, a solution of the problem of her transportation and storage, improvement of the equipment of oil processing production. The main activities of IRTO were: introduction of metric system of measures and scales; privileges on inventions; customs duties; researches on the oil pipeline; works on a research of kerosene engines; development of questions on the sewerage of the cities; questions on a construction and operation of the railroads; works on a great railway track through Siberia; distribution of technical education; promoting of technical knowledge. Also huge role in stimulation and discussion of scientific researches, ensuring introduction of inventions in branch, was played, first of all, by the Baku office of Imperial Russian Technical society.
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This article deals with the problem of assessing the military potential of the red Army, by the British military and a number of relevant military structures in the early period of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. The Author focuses on the analysis of little-known documents of the national arch ... ives of Great Britain, which assesses the capabilities of the Soviet military potential in the context of the British military and political interests. The study of the process of formation of the Union between the USSR and Great Britain is of considerable interest for the history of international relations and should adjust our well-established estimates in relation to the history of the Second World War.
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The article is devoted to the history of the formation of the so-called artistic political and enlightenment work, which dates back to the 1920s. Its goal was not only to bring the population of post-revolutionary Russia to the achievements of art, but also to spread the ideas of the Bolshevik Party ... among the workers and peasants. The key moments in the formation of this work are considered, and much attention is paid to the analysis of poorly researched materials of the First All-Russian Meeting on artistic political and enlightenment work that determined its tasks, forms and methods.
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Since the second half of the 1950s in the USSR there was a scientific and technological upsurge. Simultaneously with this process, the intensive development of the North begins. The northern regions of the country before this period were little explored, therefore, at the highest political level, th ... e task was set to master these territories. Ideas and concepts for studying previously unexplored territories were combined with the strategic and economic plans of the country. Proposals for the development of the northern territories came not only from special scientific research institutes, but also from ordinary Soviet citizens who were not indifferent to the fate of the country. Formed hypotheses and proposals for the development of the northern regions of the USSR Beginning in the second half of the 1950s, large-scale science-intensive industrial and transport construction was developed in the northern regions, which subsequently affected the scale of exploration and development of mineral deposits. Scientific and technological progress was combined with the innovation and inventiveness of party members and expeditions, which began to manifest itself from the early 1970s. At the same time, a powerful specialized material and technical base was being set up, oriented to the long-term development of the northern regions of our country.
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In recent decades, the study of the problems of the Caspian region has become particularly relevant, due to both geopolitical and geo-economic importance. Strategic location, energy attractiveness, long-term uncertainty of the international political and legal status of the Caspian sea, formed a kin ... d of geopolitical "environment" of the region, the intertwining of national and international interests and contradictions of the world's leading players (Russia, USA, China, EU). The fact of manifestation of these positions is, in particular, the toughening of the us position on the "nuclear deal" with Iran, as well as the contradictory positions of the Caspian States themselves, which until recently also had an uncoordinated nature. Modern geopolitical and geo-economic realities allow us to study and assess the consolidated position of the countries of the region in the light of the Convention on the legal status of the Caspian sea signed on August 12, 2018, to assess the processes of transformation of the concept of the right status of the Caspian sea in historical retrospect, taking into account the trends of modern development, forming a new vector of integration economic development. The article analyzes some aspects of the evolution of the international political, legal and economic status of the sea. Particular attention is paid to the concept of "Caspian sea", the formation of the Caspian sea and the territorial waters of the States, which allowed to consider the status of the sea from the standpoint of economic activity in relation to the use of the bottom, subsoil, natural and other resources, as well as sovereign and exclusive rights in the field of fishing activities in various fishing zones. According to the results of analytical studies, the classification and priority competences of the States arising from the provisions of the Convention defining the status of the Caspian sea are proposed, the grouping of exclusive competence and sovereign interests of the parties (all parties, two - and trilateral relations, national) is proposed, which contribute to the unification of unresolved problems in certain complex tasks that require their further study.
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The article analyzes the complexity and challenges for the modern welfare state, which increasingly should be based on the use of the non-state sector of social policy development related to the emergence of socially oriented NGOs (SO NPOs) and the development of new mechanisms of their interaction ... with government. It is shown that a new set of regulatory framework at the Federal and regional levels has been created for the further development of intersectoral partnership, primarily participation with SO NGOs in the provision of social services and the solution of important socio-economic problems. The paper presents an analysis of the difficulties and contradictions associated with the reform of the social policy model based on the involvement of non-state social service providers (SO NGOs, social entrepreneurship), as well as the directions of improving the policy in the direction of the formation of public-state cooperation in the social sphere.
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The article defines the leading directions of the political participation of the Kuban Cossack Army in the ethnopolitical and geopolitical processes of interaction in the Krasnodar Territory (2017-2018). The author, proceeding from the constructivist paradigm of ethnopolitical studies, reinterprets ... the modern Cossacks as a social and professional group, designed by elites on the basis of collective identity and the policy of historical memory. Political resources of influence, orientation and strategy of the leadership of the Kuban Cossack army are determined. Attention is focused on the key aspects of the policy of the Cossacks: organizational strengthening of the troops, reforming state legislation, strengthening the economic base, information activity, participation in law and order. The positioning of the Kuban Cossacks in the information war on the issues of the Ukrainian crisis is revealed. Mythologized ideas about the influence of Ukrainian identity among modern Cossacks have been refuted.
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In the era of globalization and increasing geopolitical competition, the problem of influencing without coercion is an urgent issue of world politics. Using indirect methods of influence, such as the tools of "soft power", the state is able to protect itself from the negative consequences of power m ... ethods of foreign policy. At the end of the XX century, the American researcher and political scientist John. In the Limits of leadership: changing the nature of American power, nye first introduced the term "soft power" to refer to the form of political power and the ability to achieve the desired results through sympathy and attractiveness. The Concept Of John. Naya "soft power" has attracted great attention of researchers and practical politicians and has now become common in many countries, including Russia. The Russian model of " soft power "has acquired its own shape and unlike other States, Russia has chosen an institutional approach to the use of" soft power " and its instruments in foreign policy. In the article the author notes that the formation of the Russian "soft power" was held in three stages and reveals them in detail. The classification of the main institutions implementing the "soft power" of the Russian Federation in the areas of activity - politics, culture, values. The author agrees with the opinion of Russian researchers, who based on the definition of "soft power" J.Naya proposed a comprehensive definition of "soft power" instruments: "soft power" instruments are means of influence in world politics, based on conviction and positive attractiveness, which are used by the international actor to achieve its foreign policy goals.
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This article is devoted to the study of the influence of xenophobic attitudes in the network communities on the institution of the polycultural family of the Precaspian region. The family, being the basis for the formation of interethnic tolerance in a poly-ethnic region, faces strong xenophobic sen ... timents, cultivated by a wide flow of information on the Internet and the media. The polycultural family forms a complex, hybrid identity that can tolerate the diversity of ethnic groups and nationalities. A person with a hybrid identity has the ability to form a similar cultural environment. However, since the polycultural family is part of the global world, where most of the information flow is broadcast through the Internet communities. Networking communities are not controlled entities of the Internet, in which xenophobic sentiments are often traced. The study will highlight the main trends in the changes in the mutual relations of the polytechnic families and the xenophobic Internet community.
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The collapse of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) opened up to China phenomenal opportunities for exercising and influencing current political and economic processes in the Central Asian region. In addition to the independence of the Central Asian republics and their ability to a ... ct as sovereign national entities, for the first time in the history of Central Asia, the region exposed by various external actors such as the United States, Turkey, the Arab world, Iran, South Korea and Japan. China, due to its western borders in Xinjiang with Central Asia, has a great opportunity to influence on the developments and events in this region. The purpose of this paper is to analyze China's foreign policy in Central Asia in the transitional era. The objective was to solve the following questions: What are China's interests in Central Asia? How does China promote these interests through bilateral and multilateral cooperation? What role does the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) play in balancing the role of major powers in Central Asia?
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Cultural hero is a symbol of any culture. It reflects the mores, ideals, future aspirations of a particular society. Therefore, the transformation of the hero's image becomes an indicator of the social changes. In modern mass culture, the image of the hero correlates with the image of the anti-hero, ... smoothly flowing from one state to another. A special place is occupied by the marginal trickster, who introduces chaos into the existing order, contributing to the de-idealization of the heroic. And the very concept of the heroic is undergoing changes. The mass person gets sympathetic to the trickster and even to the antihero, whose actions are often questionable, but the goals are noble. The reason for transforming the image of the hero are cultural and civilizational changes that crush traditional ideals. Creation of the hero's image is subjective and depends on the needs, motives, goals, attitudes, emotions of a particular society, group, subject. In modern mass culture heroes and villains ceased to be unambiguous and one-sided, they went beyond the paradigm of good and evil, and it was the transition stage that brought these images together to the point of their full merging. Therefore, we can judge the value orientations of a given society, on the example of who is the model for imitation and education in society.
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Theoretical approaches to the study of borderlands and cross-border relations have long gone beyond the scope of international relations. Since the 80-ies of XX century, many social scientists have realized that the phenomenon of the border is not closed only to the problems of relations between the ... countries, but relates to a variety of issues of the functioning of the border space and the subjects of this space. All this leads to the emergence of such a scientific branch as Border Studies. Considering new approaches, the authors nonetheless appeal to an old methodology that describes the problem of the peripheral and even trans-border territories, i.e. Frontier theory. Using a new understanding of the Frontier as a meeting of cultures or В«institutional faultВ», the author proposes to use this theory to analyze the essence of the border processes. According to the authors, the model of В«internal frontierВ» proposed by the American historian I. Kopytoff for the analysis of traditional societies can be very useful for the analysis of border processes and inter-state relations. The author believes that this model can be productive also for understanding of the development strategies of border areas falling within the area of interest of several Metropoles.
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The question of the nature of identification is very complex and multifaceted, requiring not only a deep interdisciplinary analysis, but also taking into account the specifics of the context of human existence. In fact, it is identification that has always determined the path of human development fr ... om birth to death, when cultural images-identifiers were "beacons", landmarks, goals and determined the way of life and its meanings, and society formed the types, styles and mechanisms of identification. A technological revolution, which has changed the production and Economics, and then "invaded" and "thin" world of spiritual existence is, paradoxically, transformed the culture and people, and, obviously, radically changed the process of identification. In this article, we will try to answer in General terms two relevant questions for modern socio-humanitarian knowledge: 1) what is the specificity of the socio-cultural context of technogenic civilization? 2) what are the factors of the problem of human identification and the main trends of its manifestation? Answers to these questions, to some extent, will allow to form a clearer idea of the nature and processes of identification of modern man, as well as allow to develop measures to level its crisis manifestations.
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This article is devoted to a problem of transformation of the fairy tale during a postmodernism era. The fairy tale is an inspiration source for many writers of this time. The progressive era of postmodernism forces the fairy tale changes. So, she exists both in the format of an independent genre, a ... nd in coexistence with other genres. As a result, in modern literary criticism there is a need to select such fairy tales in a separate branch - fractured fairy tales or fairy tales for adults. Besides emergence of this original branch, there is also a genre which costs in an immediate vicinity with the fairy tale - a fantasy. In the 21st century researchers see the new purposes as, for example, a research of problems of interpenetration of the fairy tale and a fantasy and intertextual character of these two genres.
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The question of the purpose of the philosophical text is posed in this article and it has the context of linking the philosophical text with extra-textual factors. A wide range of interdisciplinary research has formed a set of concepts by which the practical aspect of speech and text activity can be ... revealed. However, their application to the analysis and hermeneutics of the philosophical text is irrelevant without taking into account the specifics of philosophical discourse. The article suggests a possible version of the answer to the question about this specificity, the idea of distinguishing the "external" and "internal" goals of the philosophical text, as well as the concept of textual behavior as the realization of some stable patterns of textual activity in philosophy. The external goal is determined by the format of the text culture to which the text belongs, and the internal one is related to the deontological foundations of author's outlook.
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The article reveals the socio-philosophical aspect of the term "eschatological tension". The definition of this term is derived from the concept of "social tension" and is considered in the context of analysis and forecasting the development of eschatological moods in society. The article explores t ... he causes of the emergence of eschatological tension; their characteristics are given in the general context of the state of society. Also in the article are explicated the terms "eschatological event", "eschatological expectations", "eschatological idea", "eschatological ideological group", which form the terminological basis for the theoretical development of the concept of eschatological tension, and which make it possible to clarify its social and philosophical content. Such elements of concept formation as a social environment, in which eschatological tension, internal state of the eschatological ideological group, consequences of the activity of religious and non-religious ideological groups that have an eschatological component in their teachings, the influence of these groups and their ideas in society are considered. Socio-philosophical understanding of the concept of eschatological tension contributes to the development of a conceptual model, within which the extent of the influence of eschatological communities, their moods on social processes in society, and their social behavior and possible forms of socium reaction on their activity can be examined.
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The article is devoted to the changes in the traditional approach to security, associated with the shift of emphasis from military to socio-cultural threats. The article gives a brief analysis of two concepts of security: cultural and societal, shows the specificity of the concept of societal securi ... ty, the disadvantages and advantages of its use. At the heart of both concepts is the notion of a collective culture of identity, the changes of which are associated with a number of external and internal factors. The modern changing world is increasingly provoking transgression processes associated with the acquisition of a new identity (change of sex, citizenship, religious affiliation, professional activity, etc.). People with posttransfusional identity perceived by the conservative majority as a threat, a promise to strengthen security. They destroy customary standards, including changing collective cultural identity. However, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the strengthening of the security system is fraught with both restrictions of freedom and reciprocal acts of cultural transgression. Within the framework of the system of social security, collective identity is a kind of "cement", connecting the social community. This connecting identity can be not only ethnic, state, confessional, but also in certain cases - regional, when a person perceives his region as a social community. However, in certain cases, the spatial limitations of the concept may be an operational advantage. If we apply it to the Caspian macro-region, it will allow us to look at it comprehensively, taking into account the risks of not only socio-cultural, but also economic and environmental aspects of its existence.
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Ethnic factor in the policy of the identity of regional elite. Case: Republic of Tatarstan

The article attempts to draw attention to some differences in political culture studies in the western political science tradition and in the Russian one. It is emphasized that in the Western researchers studies a wide range of problems concerning political culture is being considered. Most of the a ... uthors in their political culture studies refer to the American political scientists conceptions of the second half of the РҐРҐ century. Attention is drawn to the fact that many theses carried out by Russian authors in the late XX - early XXI centuries have an empirical focus. They are devoted to the political culture of specific communities study or analyze the Russian political culture as a whole.
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The book, written by Ulfkotte in December 2016 is his last work and was writtennot long before his death. It is inextricably linked with the author's previous works, which also deal with the subject of corruption of journalists and the bias of the media. It is also about the constant control of the ... ruling elite of Europe and the secret services for the work of the mass media. The author gives many facts and references, illustrates his arguments with examples.
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