Issue 2017 No. 4 (53)

The article deals with the circumstances of the construction of the first Astrakhan Kremlin. The author suggests that the transfer of Tatar Astrakhan to the left bank, under the protection of the Volga river, could take place in the XV century. It is possible that the town of Haji-Tarkhan was a seas ... onal settlement by the time of the Russian conquest, and the town "Chungur", mentioned in the sources, which is localized on the Moshayik settlement to the east of modern Astrakhan, served as the main rate. The author joins the view that the Kremlin was founded on August 1, 1558. Based on the studies of previous years, as well as on archaeological data, the author clarifies the shape and location of the walls and towers of the wooden kremlin. In addition, the author proposes a solution to one of the mysteries of the Astrakhan Kremlin - the location of its eighth tower, which was not inscribed in the system of external walls. The artillery tower named Rascat, judging by the architectural and archaeological data, can be localized in the center of the modern territory of the Kremlin, at the highest point of the Kremlin hillock. Judging by the architectural scheme of the wooden kremlin made during the restoration work, the tower was located here. It could serve as the main gate-tower of the wooden Kremlin on the east side, and then it was preserved after the demolition of the wooden walls, as it was converted for circular artillery shelling. Indirect confirmation of this can be the presence of the remains of a deep hollow on the Kremlin hillock from the north and the discovery during the excavation of the remains of a ravine on the southern slope of the hillock. These depressions may be the remains of a covered initial urban ditch in front of the eastern wall of a wooden kremlin.
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The article is devoted to the consideration of issues related to the implementation in the XVIII century. Russia's foreign policy in the south-east direction and the role of the Astrakhan governors in this process. The focus is on the diplomatic and military-political aspects of governors in Astrakh ... an. Decrees of the Senate, the Collegium of Foreign Affairs, nominal imperial decrees addressed to the Astrakhan governors on various aspects of foreign policy are analyzed. The steps taken by the Astrakhan provincial authorities to interact with foreign diplomats, Russian consuls and residents in Persia, the rulers of neighboring countries and peoples are considered. Particular attention is paid to the role of the Astrakhan governors in coordinating the intelligence activities of Russian agents abroad, implementing measures aimed at countering Russia's external threats, supporting the Russian government's military plans in the South Caucasus, and facilitating the spread of Russian influence in the North Caucasus. The conclusion is substantiated that in the XVIII century the Astrakhan authorities were active agents of Russian foreign policy in relations with states and peoples in the North Caucasus, the Transcaucasus and Central Asia.
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The relevance of this article is the further expansion for studying the role of the Kalmyk Khanate in Russia's eastern policy, especially in the eighteenth century, when the khanate was at the top of its development. This is important not only for the history of the Kalmyk people proper, but also fo ... r highlighting the participation of the peoples that were part of Russia, in its foreign policy activities in this or that period. The purpose of the article is to prove the contradictory nature of relations between Kazakhs and Kalmyks in the second quarter of the 18th century on the basis of the new materials of the Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire and the National Archives of the Republic of Kalmykia. Tracing the ties of the Kalmyk khanate with the neighboring nations and states in the east, mainly with Kazakh zhuzes, the author proves that under the control of the Russian state the role of the Kalmyk khanate in the eastern policy of Russia has gradually increased. This is the scientific novelty of the work.
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The article deals with the management of the internal life of the Buddhist church of the Volga Kalmyks by the Astrakhan governors in the second half of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries on the basis of the main articles of the "Regulations on the Administration of the Kalmyk People" in 1847 ... . The article analyzes the participation of the Astrakhan governors A.P. Degas and M.A. Gazenkampf in the procedure of election of the lamas of the Buddhist church of the Kalmyk steppe. The elections conducted by the Astrakhan governors were carried out in the interests of the government, the clergy loyal to the regional authorities became the heads of the Buddhist church. The article examines the participation of Astrakhan governors A.P. Degas, E.O. Yankovsky, N.N. Tevyashova, M.A. Gazenkampf in the drafting of bills on reforming the status of the Buddhist church of the Kalmyk steppe, in carrying out restrictive policies regarding the system of Buddhist monastic education, the missionary activity of Buddhist preachers in the Kalmyk uluses.
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In article the historiography of the Don peasantry and a peasants question in pre-revolutionary historiography is studied. It is shown, that the regional historiography was formed in line with development of historical science in Russia. The main attention was traditionally paid to the Cossacks, que ... stions of peasants remained almost not studied. The review of historical literature of the pre-Soviet period on subject of the peasantry is made. The greatest attention to a theme of the peasantry of Don is noted from the second half of XIX-at the beginning of the XX century, in the period of an aggravation of an agrarian question in the country in general, and on Don in particular. The analysis of the main materials on history of the Don peasantry in historical literature is carried out, the directions of researches were determined. The general characteristic of works is given, conclusions of researchers were presented. It is shown that the pre-Soviet historiography had an insufficient scientific and methodological basis. In historical researches prevailed works of a descriptive and statistical directions. The conclusion is drawn about importance of a pre-Soviet historiography within which studying of a peasantry question began, considerable historical material was assembled.
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The article is devoted to one of the fateful moments in Soviet history - the transition from the policy of "war communism" to the new economic policy. The transition to new economic policy allowed the Bolsheviks to avoid a new round of civil war, to retain power and quickly restore the country's eco ... nomy, destroyed by wars and revolutions. At the same time, this was a difficult period in the development of the RCP (b), which forcing many communists to abandon of the fast realization of a dream of a quick victory of socialism, and to engage in more materially-minded matters, for example, learn to trade, skillfully manage, etc. The discussions in the RCP (b) about the introduction of the new economic policy were out of view of historians for a long time. The author researched a large number of archival documents devoted to this problem in the Volga region cities. Many documents on this theme have been put into scientific circulation for the first time.
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The article considers the population's confidence in state civil servants as a social mechanism for stabilizing relations between the state and society, based on the effectiveness of the functioning of the structures of state power and administration. Being a cumulative assessment, trust ialso refle ... cted in the presence or absence of interest of civil servants in supporting the self-organization of citizens, in the manifestation of their social and economic initiatives, in social solidarity. In this context, trust becomes a defining indicator in the system of key performance indicators of professional performance of public civil servants. Particular interest in characterizing the elements, mechanisms, forms of manifestation of confidence in civil servants and the subsequent development of a set of measures aimed at limiting the risks of a В«trust deficitВ» in society is represented by an analysis of the regional aspects of this process. According to the results of the sociological survey, an integral index of public confidence in state civil servants of the executive bodies of state power in the Astrakhan region presented.
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The article analyzes the political life of modern China based on the analysis of the materials of such print media as «Zhen'min' Zhibao» and В«Zhen'min' KhuabaoВ». It is proved that the main goal of the printed Chinese media, which have their electronic versions on the Internet, is the formation of ... a positive image of China and clarification of ideological guidelines among Chinese and foreign citizens. Analysis of the political life of modern China allowed us to outline the following directions of the government's activity in creating a political image of the state: the role of the Communist Party of China in the development of socialist democracy, a system of multi-party system, when other parties participate in political life along with the CCP. One of the most acute is the "Taiwan issue", and in this connection the press constantly stresses the unity and cohesion of the Chinese people on this issue.
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The article discusses the data on the special characteristics of electoral reforms. Based on the analysis of studies on electoral reforms in various countries, the author have identified the main patterns of reformsand features of their study, which include the correlation between the goals of chang ... e and reform, the direction of reforms and differentiation of "beneficiaries," the contradictory role of the public in carrying out reforms, increasing expectations from electoral reforms, the problem of limited effects of electoral reforms.
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Political-communicative processes determine the life of modern society. Local political contacts formed in ethno-cultural environment, due to socio-cultural facets, appropriate trends and communication mechanisms used by actors of the ethnic policy in connection with the conquest, retention, impleme ... ntation and use of power. Consequently, there are actualization of ethno-political discourse and an increase in ethnic multidirectional flows of information (positive, negative, distorted, provocative, neutral). In this article, political communication is seen in the applied aspect based on the sociocultural approach (H. Arendt, J. Habermas, K. S. Gadzhiev, Yu. Irkhin, A.I. Solovyev), which established the causes and sources of ethnic transparency of information, the ambiguity of its impact on political communication in the North Caucasus region. Due to the fact that the ethnic distribution of information in the development of the information society, the hybridization of political communication and etherification involves certain risks that could destabilize the ethno-political situation in the region, the proposed measures for their optimization.
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The author examines identity politics in the European region, characterized by a significant manifestation of separatism - the Basque Country in Spain. The model of regional identity by R. Fitiar is used in the article, R. Fitjar singled out such factors that strengthen this identity as regional lan ... guage, the fact of own statehood in the past, the nature of the center-regional relations, involvement in Eurointegration, the level of economic development, the existence of regionalist parties, etc. The diverse empirical base let the author show how the structural elements and technologies of identity politics, the construction of the image of the Other are used to mobilize the regional community. Separatist rhetoric is aimed less at real separation from the state, more at obtaining greater financial and tax autonomy.
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The small-family tax which is have been recently discussed by Russian officials was taken in the USSR in 1941, when the country badly needed in increasing of demographic and financial growth. The Soviet Union is not the first and not the only country which introduced this tax. The problems of family ... relations have touched many countries of the world. Not only Russia faced the problem of unwillingness of young people to make families and give birth to children, but also Japan (parasite single), Italy (bamboccioni) and other countries. Will such tax help to increase demographic growth in the Russian Federation inmodern conditions? How will such introduction on people who follow the childfree ideology? The main factor of successful demographic policy is creation of worthy social and financial life conditions for citizens.
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This article is about the state of electoral politics in relation to certain categories of citizens: those convicted and serving a sentence and was already released from places of imprisonment. The laws of different countries, characterized by a great diversity in the provisions governing the limita ... tion of voting rights. The European court of human rights clearly specifies the right of prisoners to participate in elections. An interesting practice in the United States as a Federal state where every state has the right to decide whether prisoners could vote, or they will lose this right even after his release. Suffrage prisoners after the completion of the sentence can be restored automatically, or you must appeal to the Governor, the court or other officials.
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Turkey seeks to increase its political and diplomatic presence in different regions, sometimes playing the role of "mediator" in relations with Europe and Russia, presenting yourself as a strategic partner to strengthen its position and secure a role of mediator in solving problems and resolving dis ... putes, thereby increasing its role in foreign policy processes. Relations between Russia and Turkey in the field of energy cooperation demonstrate the existence of a "pragmatic immunity," even in conditions of instability in international relations, the crisis in relations between the two States of Western sanctions. Turkey uses its unique geographical position and the potential of a transit energy resource as a tool that allows for equal communication with partners and increasing its political weight. With the revival of the Turkish flow, one can count on progress in Russian-Turkish gas relations, which can become the basis for the transformation of the European energy security system. The role of Turkey as a transit country and its position in the energy system of Europe are related to the nature of the gas agreements signed with the partner countries. In fact, in the context of the energy triangle between the EU, Turkey and Russia, Brussels is trying to impose its rules of the energy game, using destabilization in Russian-Turkish relations, sanctions and measures of political influence.
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The article is devoted to the research of social media area (for example Vkontakte, Twitter, Facebook and Instagram) in order to identify the main tendency in the formation of the political image and also to identify the most promising tools for building an image strategy. The subject of research we ... re the accounts of four Russian federal level politicians: Putin V., Medvedev D., Shoigu S and Lavrov S. Based on the conducted research and the real rating of politicians obtained as a result of analytical data has been established the following trend: the higher the level of influence of a politician the more subscribers, communities, comments and reposts he can collect. In our opinion the reverse deterministic connection between these factors is unlikely. The most promising form of social media has been established in the formation of a successful strategy for promoting a political image: Live and Stories in Instagram, which makes it necessary to develop a new profession, the SMM Political Scientist (SMM Politologist).
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This article analyzes the positive and negative aspects of the primaries procedure, and their impact on the course of the process of party mobilization during the election campaign. The conclusion is that the preliminary stage of the vote as the electoral process is an important factor for the devel ... opment of party mobilization, and allows voters to observe the formation of party lists. The author believes that it is necessary to take into account the experience of different countries during the early voting. It is noted that the holding of primaries in municipalities seems extremely complicated procedure. This is connected, primarily, with the problems of selection of candidates to participate in the vote, a lack of qualified party cadres in the field. However, primaries have a significant set of positive characteristics: they allow consolidate the loyalty of the political elite, stabilize the party system, form a loyal voters, party members and activists are expanding the electoral base of the party and borders of the election campaign, allow us to introduce intra-party competition, and set the agenda for all campaign. Study of negative and positive manifestations of election primaries practice will help the effective implementation of this procedure in the Russian political practice will contribute to the growth of the mobilization potential of the Russian political parties.
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The term "cultural securityВ» is included last decade in the domain of science, not only ofWestern Humanities, but in Russian investigations. Problems of military security are beginning to be complemented by studies of the safety of societal spheres in the works of scholars of Wales, Copenhagen and ... Paris. Cultural security is a response to the challenges and risks of contemporary society and culture. Being a very complex and comprehensive, it covers various aspects of society and can have special characteristics in different historical periods. The condition of these areas can serve as an indicator of cultural security. As we explore cultural security offrontier multicultural region of Southern Russia ,we propose to allocate the following indicators of cultural security: the level of sustainability of collective cultural identity; the state of the cultural heritage and cultural memory of the region; sustainability of their own culture against "alien"; the level of security in the context of digital culture; the place of the institute of family in a safe cultural space. The basis of this work is the analysis of sociological surveys aimed at identifying problems in the areas of culture, which are indicators of cultural security in the region. The study was conducted among the Astrakhan students, because in today's digital era their cultural patterns are most at zone of risk.
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The article reveals the functions of descriptions of the natural and anthropogenic landscapes in "traveler's notes" created by F.N. Gorenstein after a trip to Astrakhan. The importance of the opposition "own" - "alien" in the story, alternating European sketches with Asian ones, is proved. It is all ... eged that the writer intentionally isolates elements of diverse cultures: he tries to identify the complex nature of the national in modern Russia by the example of Astrakhan. Further, the impressions of the narrator are analyzed. At first, stress is pumped by the writer, it is indicated on the infertility of the soil, the sounds of fire, the ubiquitous dust. In the landscapes there is an infernal figurative series: infernal heat, a red-hot bridge, a dried up river, like a skeleton. Evening Volga evokes from the traveler a primal fear. Daytime heat is contrasted with the night's cold, the blinding light - impenetrable darkness, dry rustle - wet slap. Unchanged are discomfort, anxiety, aliens.After the "initiation" of the guest - the eating of the sazan (carp) head - he gets more positive impressions. The metropolitan guest wanders with pleasure in the historical districts of the city. In the image of the delta, the following fact is significant: dry land and dampness, divisible by two poles at the beginning of the story and equally dangerous, are now harmoniously combined, balanced. The last of the pictures imprinted in the reserve is called the author of the article climax, the local nature is surprisingly affectionate towards the narrator.
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The article is devoted to the problem of the economic culture of the East, which is considered in the context of the concept of "non-Western modernity". Particular attention is paid to the influence of Buddhism on the economic culture of the countries of the East. It is noted that the true, higher h ... uman values and meanings, recorded in the performance of religious and ethical teachings, the ability to spiritualize and humanize economic and economic activities, supplement the purely economic approach with a socio-cultural, considered person in a complex system of his relationships with society, nature, the surrounding world. All this allows us to consider economic culture as an interest and a specific sphere of culture.
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The article generalizes and systematizes international practices of culture and arts marketing in brand-building of cities for the purpose of revealing the circumstances necessary for successful cultural policy aiming to build a positive image of a city as a cultural center in relation to Volgograd. ... There's a description of branding essence and reasons for popularity of this practice nowadays. The mechanisms of building identity of the place with the use of local cultural resources are studied. The paper also focuses on the key factors of effective cultural policy and the main difficulties in problem solving of renovation of the war memorial status of Volgograd.
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The article provides a brief overview of universal value orientations in different historical periods (Antiquity, middle Ages, modern and contemporary times), and sums up the totality of the moral ideals of humanity. The article also discusses the sociocultural changes that have occurred due to the ... spread in society of information and communication technologies. The focus from material goods is transferred to the spiritual development and formation of the spiritual comfort of the individual at the present stage of life. The article presents the concept of domestic and foreign scientists about the conditions of existence of modern society and formulated the ways of the adaptation of man to socio-cultural changes with an emphasis on the creative component of the person, through information technologies. It is noted that the progress of information technologies is not so much the destructive force of the moral side of man and society, how much motivating force for further development, transformation and adaptation to the emerging repressive conditions of life. Identified value orientations of modern man, such as social mobility, computer literacy, flexibility and efficiency of thinking. Justified motive to preserve and respect human values, qualities of character and mastery dictated by society behaviors for the harmonious development and existence of man in the modern information society.
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The article describes an episode from the amazing fate of a blind missionary sectarian of the second half of the 19th century. Malkhaz Melkonyants, who preached on the territory of the Astrakhan province. Being a Turkish Armenian by birth, he was raised in a special school under the American evangel ... ical mission, after which he went to the south of the Russian Empire to raise funds and neophytes. The choice of the place of preaching was determined by the excellent command of the Russian language, which Melkonyantsa was taught in the mission. Melkonyants visited the lands of the Don Army, in the Tauride, Stavropol and Saratov provinces, after which he went to the Astrakhan province, namely, to the center of Molokan sectarianism in the village of. Prishib Tsar's uyezd. The preaching of Melkonyants was a great success, not only among the Molokans, but also Subbotniks. By this time in Astrakhan and the province there already existed a missionary Cyril and Methodius society, whose work was directed against so-called schismatics, or Old Believers, and sectarians, primarily against Molokans, as the most numerous. The missionary priests, both local and arrived from provincial Astrakhan, conducted a skillful opposition to Melkonyants, in alliance with local "prophets" and representatives of local sectarians who came from the Crimea and the Caucasus.
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This article analyzes the causes of voluntary renunciation of the birth and upbringing of adherents В«childfreeВ». A rich research material was analyzed. The parallel between the different decades studies of the main reasons for the choice of the image of В«childfreeВ» life is made. In the course of ... the study the image of a modern В«childfreeВ» is made. We identified the main motivation of child abandonment at birth for men and women.In the course of the study attempt to form a sample image of a modern В«childfreeВ» it was made. We identified the main motivation of child abandonment at birth for men and women.
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This article analyzes the process of formation of image of the Russian Orthodox Church on the Internet on the example of Astrakhan sites of temples and churches. Virtual reality has become part of a huge online world where there are new forms of digital communication. Dialectics of electronic and in ... formation religious culture, their resources modify and create a new "life-world" of man. A new phenomenon, born with the development of information technologies and Internet, social networks are a field of active information activities and propaganda not only for media but also for political and religious leaders of Orthodox and heterodox currents, marketers and psychologists. The study of religious identity in the context of socio-cultural transformations caused by rapidly changing fashion trends of the Orphanage, is a problematic field of contemporary philosophy and cultural studies that require detailed consideration.
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The author analyzes in the article with the help of the Fuconian approach to heterotopic spaces the concept of В«boundaryВ» in the Russian discourse. Defining the boundary as a heterotopy, the author proves that its characteristics are not reduced only to a protective function, but are dictated by a ... hybrid nature of space under the new geopolical conditions. Neither the physical nor, especially, the cultural spaces can end only on one side of the border, and are continued even further. The border is a kind of space where two cultural landscapes flow into each other. Even in the case where the liminal nature of the border is defined by a strict limit, but even there this space is transparent to a certain extent. All this leads to the appearance of a new transborder space, generated by the heterotopic boundary medium. Previous models of the border, which were limes, are no longer relevant. Very often transboundary territories are in a better position than the central metropolitan areas. At the same time, the current state of international relations, the problems of transnational migration, terrorism, drug trafficking can not completely eliminate the very notion of the border, transferring it to a new level of relations
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The author tries to trace the cultural phenomenon of the bath as a heterotopic space. Foucauldian approach that allows to allocate a unique space which combines multiple cultural spaces in each culture is used for this purpose. These spaces called heterotopias by Foucault operate based on special la ... ws and often conflict with the laws in the main or homogeneous spaces. One of the most typical act in heterotopia is a transgression in which the subject performs the action that is not possible in the norms of homogeneous landscape. Bath in this sense is the heterotopia par excellence, which accumulates a variety of transgressive behaviors, from nudity, which can be attributed to the profane, to the sacred cleansing or various ritual acts of a religious type. In addition to its core functions (cleaning etc.) bath combines a lot of the others: communication, relaxation, recreation, etc.. According to Foucault, the body is a part of the political discourse, therefore, bath or bodily requirements are an integral part of a state cultural policy. And in this respect bath performs a kind of place where freedoms and limits are maximum mixed, where the traditional and the new are closely woven together.
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This article analyzes the phenomenon of virtual heterotopy based on the example of the fictional comic city of Gotham. Raising the question of the mediation of modern man and the transformation of the subject into an object of mass culture, the author turns to the ideas of the French poststructurali ... st M. Foucault and proves the fact that virtual heterotopies play a very important role in the formation of a real cultural landscape through the creation of theme parks, , fan communities, as well as the imitation of real cities and urban settlements in these virtual spaces. Analyzing their mythological model and its structure, the author comes to the conclusion that in them, as in real heterotopia, the sociocultural laws function differently, and the structural elements seem to be "inverted", having a different meaning than in homogeneous spaces, acquiring a completely different denotative meaning. Being a mirror image of reality, such heterotopies, on the one hand, act as collective images of individual cities and settlements of the United States and not only, but on the other, perform a culturally-forming function. The very fact, in the opinion of the author, makes us look differently at the role of products of mass culture in the formation of the modern cultural landscape.
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This article is devoted to the analysis of alcoholic traditions on the territory of Russia and to revealing the degree of their influence on the formation of the cultural image of our country. Since the cultural image of the country is set by means of many intra-state cultural processes and phenomen ... a, the authors of the article believe that the Russian culture of drinking, which has its distinct specific features and centuries-old history, influenced the Russian cultural image to a large extent. In this regard, the authors focus on the history of origin and the reasons for the transformation of the most popular alcoholic traditions of modern Russia, which, to some extent, reflect the specificity of the country's cultural image.
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This article is devoted to the phenomenon of «Regrettingmotherhood», which attracted the attention of scientists relatively recently. A wide discussion of this problem began after the publication of the study results of the Israeli sociologist O. Donat [1], devoted to the consideration of the ambigu ... ous attitude to motherhood. Donat comes to conclusion that the almost taboo problem of maternity regret does not just exist, but goes beyond the tolerant European society and can be relevant in any country in the world. This topic is linked with the culture of traditional society and therefore, caused such a resonance. Such a problemwas caused primarily by women's emancipation and egocentrism. It indicates possible demographic threats to European society. It is obvious that Europeans may soon be the minority on their own territory due to the low birth rate among the indigenous population and a significant increase in the number of migrants. Public discussion of this topic can provoke an even greater fall in fertility rates, so the reaction to the research of O. Donat and her German followers is multivalued.
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European society faces a new challenge - «childfree». The term «childfree» characterizes people who voluntary refuse a role of parents because of a number of reasons among which is basically either the aspiration to build a successful career, fear of physiological process of childbearing or unwillin ... gness to bear responsibility for a child. The term was introduced by the adherents of such ideology as an opposite term for the word «childless» and means a person who does not have children. Such childfree persons create communities on the Internet, communicate on forums and chats and distribute in electronic mass media articles promoting ideology of voluntary childlessness describing the advantages of being «childfree». It is obvious that the distribution of such ideology causes the indignation and the protest of the society which keeps traditional family values. The most furious «childfree» opponents create web-sites on the Internet devoted to the critic and struggle against the ideology to be «childfree». The representatives of the counteracting parties often dispute on on-line forums and chats. The content of such forums and chats proves that the society considers the active propagation of «childfree» ideology to be a real danger. A relatively new phenomenon of «regretting motherhood» is also contributing to the development of «childfree» ideology and supports it. Many people believe that the distribution of voluntary childlessness ideas can affect substantially the youth values formation and cause the demographic crises in Europe and in other countries.
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Power in Orthodoxy is a hard burden, humility and those who is striving for power must be conscious about the difficulties and temptations of power which must be estimated and provided for. St. John Chrysostom is one of the eminent representatives of the Eastern Christianity. In his view power is a ... «difficult calling» because of its mixed nature including good and evil. It is not an «object». It is a «relation», «function», difficult service and even a hard work. In secular and religious senses. One of the most famous work on this subject is the work of St. John «On sacred».
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The article is devoted to the specifics of the interpretation of the concept "power" in the philosophy of Hannah Arendt. It shows common features and differences in political and philosophical approaches to the analysis of power: the use of the concept as a tool of fixation of the object of knowledg ... e, the emphasis on social forms of power, the consideration of governments, in close connection with the policy. The author gives the characteristic of the major optics, reflected in the theories and basic antinomies that constitute the philosophical discourse of power - relationism/holism and agonism/solidarism. It is indicated that the historical, genetic, etymological optics refers to the strategy, appealing to empirical experience, while demarcation and logical-constructive optics rely on the constructive activity of the mind. The article places Arendt's theory of power in the context of these research strategies and shows that her philosophy is an example of a combination of several traditional optics used for the development of the original philosophical approach to the concept "power" in political thought. Analyzed the importance of the strategy of conceptualization of power in the philosophy of H. Arendt for contemporary philosophy.
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In this article, the author analyzes the political ideas of P.I. Novgorod-rodtsev and I.A. Ilyin at an early and late creative stage. The point is that at an early stage, the political thoughts of the teacher and student were directed toward supporting the revolution. Later - they denied it. The aut ... hor tries to determine the cause of such ideological variability. The author considers the political struggle and the ideology of scientists before and after 1917. These issues, in the era of global socio-political transfor- mations, turn out to be key.And the experience left in the creative heritage of scientists allows us once more to look at and evaluate the revolutionary events from February to October from the position of the teacher (PI Novgorodtsev) and the student (IA Il'in). Since before the revolution, scientists only philosophized about general state-political aspects. And on the eve and at the time of the revolutionary peri-ceti, they switched to all-Russian problems.
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The article reveals the role of Argos in the Peloponnese in the archaic period. Two important stages of the struggle between Argos and Sparta for the hegemony - the battle for Thyrea and the Battle of Sepeia are considered. On the basis of the analysis of narrative sources and scholarly literature, ... it was established that VIII-VI cc. BC. are characterized by constant military clashes. Since Pheidon of Argos's coming to power , who began to conduct an aggressive foreign policy, Argos became a dangerous rival for his neighbors. The important stage in the development of the Argive-Spartan conflict was the victory of Argos over the Spartans in the Battle of Hysia. The situation changed not in favor of Argos immediately after the battle for Thyrea, which resulted in the defeat of the Argives. Since this time, Argos has temporarily suspended their military operations directed against Sparta. The victory of the Lacedaemonians over Argos in 546 BC. was, in its own way, significant, because it did not only expanded the Spartan influence to the north-east, but also showed to the states located there that the leadership in the Peloponnese now finally has passed from Argos to Sparta. However, the battle that took place for Thyrea, did not put an end to the struggle for hegemony in the Peloponnese between Argos and Sparta, and the next stage of their rivalry was the Battle of Sepeia, the consequences of which were disastrous for the Argive policy. There have been cardinal social changes in Argos as the result of the defeat. The "Dorian" aristocratic system has been transformed into a democratic one. Despite this, conflicts between both polises did not finished, but their character has changed significantly. Argos in the classical period no longer opposed to the Lacedaemonians independently, but only participated in various anti-Spartan coalitions.
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The topic of elite and leadership is constantly emerging when discussing the problem of management psychology, especially when it comes to vertical schemes of general management. For elitological science the basic principles of management psychology represent a field of special professional interest ... . The exercise of leadership authority and evaluation of the effectiveness of their activities is possible on the basis of a system analysis in which the scientific database of management psychology plays a decisive role. In the present work the author considers those theories and approaches of management psychology that describe the professional activity of the elite and their leaders with the utmost accuracy.
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This article will consider how beliefs, sympathies, personal motives influenced the building of international relations between Russia and foreign powers. Modern historiography interprets the personality of this autocrat as the last strong political force on the Russian throne. From the will and per ... sonal understanding of the monarch depended whether the states would cement their relations with a peace treaty, an alliance, or would be rivals who tried to weaken each other by all means, expose the aggressor state or withdraw their potential allies from the game; whether they will avoid various conflicts in every possible way, while preserving their dignity, be it an armed conflict or diplomatic bickering.
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He holds a bachelor's degree in the philosophy of the University of Barcelona and an MA in Art Market. Currently, he develops a doctoral degree in the philosophy of the University of Madrid and the University of Florida. Member of the Spanish Association of Art Critics. He has a large number of scie ... ntific articles in specialized and general media. His academic interest is based on the relationship between the philosophy of art and the market. He worked as a professor at the university, as well as editor in press, in museums and the international galleries of contemporary art.
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