Issue 2016 No. 2 (47)

Patriotic charity at various stages of pre-revolutionary Russian history acquires the status of an integral part of the country and people experienced a number of major modernization experiments and transformations within the wake of reforms of the second half of the XIX century. It has seriously af ... fected the formation of modernization and development environment in the minds of the educated part of Russian society modernization values to the First World War.
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In article to be set the task, to consider features of development of heraldic system in Russia in the context of the 16-19 centuries. To present creation of the coats of arms of the Russian cities and provinces which are carried out by the Russian and foreign experts. To show emergence and developm ... ent in the big cities of Russia the gerbotvorchestvo getting into various provinces and provincial counties. In article the role of the Russian monarchs is reflected in formation of the Russian heraldry.
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As we move to the North Caucasus Russia to develop trade and economic relations between indigenous peoples and Russian. The Russian government sees trade as a means of rapprochement of the peoples of the North Caucasus with the Russian population, the peace of the first submission. As the settlement ... and economic development of the region, drawn into the edge in the all-Russian market.
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Private enterprise in the 1920 was the one part of a mixed economy of Russia, which developed under the influence of natural and historical factors. Attempt to momentary failure of a mixed economy, carried out by the Bolsheviks during the "war communism" policy, has become one of the major causes of ... the economic and political crisis of 1920, when a large part of the peasantry rose against the authority, when ferment began among the working class in the cities. Return to the natural mixed economy has become one of the major achievements of the new economic policy. Although since the first days of its declaration, private enterprise was under serious pressure from the authorities, because it was ideological contradictions with the ruling party. But as a result of inner struggle in the RCP (b) - (VKP (b) in the middle of 1920 began to enjoy great influence defenders of economic liberalization in the framework of the new economic policy (N.I. Bukharin, A.I. Rykov, and others). The studies of archival documents and materials of the newspapers of those years show that flourishing of the private enterprise falls in the middle of the 1920. In the region it is display in the trade, the services sector, the fishing industry and the grain procurements. The studies of private enterprise development help to understand in the work of law enforcement agencies in the 1920. It in daily practice had to deal with the imperfection of the legislation regulating this field of activity, as well as pressure from the party bodies, demanding ousting private capital from the economy.
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The article is devoted to the study of the first Russian-Turkish war, with detailed analysis Chigirinsky campaign in 1677, as the first large-scale between Russia and the Ottoman Empire for Ukraine in the light of modern Russian-Turkish relations, make us turn to the experience of history. Author cy ... cling as an archival and published sources is considering military action, which took place at the Little Russian military theater of hostilities, in order to determine the level of combat training of the armed forces as a whole. The author attempts to analyze the quality of various types of troops participating in the battles of 1677 Chigirinskaya The conclusions of the article on the basis of the military campaign 1677g. It is determined by the level of development of military affairs and dignity of Russian troops, as well as the negative components belittle the military potential of the Russian army. The article deals with relationships in the camp of Russian-Ukrainian troops to confirm or refute the accepted model in the national historiography of combat brotherhood of peoples based on mutual Cossacks and Moscow military men in besieged Chigirin. The author attempts to make a picture of the vision problems, especially as current realities Russian-Ukrainian
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Far East republic - the unique buffer formation generated per 1920-1922 in the Far East for prevention of conducting by the Soviet Russia of operations on two fronts. Formation of the state bodies of the buffer on the basis of class principles was the extremely inconvenient. The Substantial percenta ... ge of the country population, practically a total absence of proletariat, political diversity of the region, interfaced to a high crime rate, fictitiousness of borders and a significant amount of white armies, did practically not instructions of Central Committee RKP. Shortage of experts, blanks, and frequently absence of the legal base adjusting a field of activity of law-enforcement bodies, led to confusion, duplication of functions of state bodies DVR, parallelism in their work. In article process of acquisition and feature of a professional training of militia of the buffer is considered. Orientation to political reliability at acquisition of supervising and local structure of militia DVR has led to growth of criminality, including among employees of law enforcement body. Absence of special knowledge, and frequently semi-illiteracy did not give a possibility of increase of a professional level of militiamen. Opening of rates and schools of a professional training for work on militia has naked problems of a level of the general progress of the population, nonacceptance of ideology of the Soviet authority by it. Completion in October, 1922 of civil war and intervention in the Far East has set a problem of the Soviet region for party functionaries, for the period of existence of the buffer political painting of region practically has not changed.
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The article analyzes the role of rent in the development of land relations in the Lower Volga region in the post-reform period in the materials of the two provinces - Astrakhan and Saratov. The paper discusses the different types of leases, its primary distribution areas, the social composition of t ... enants. With the use of statistical sources shows the dimensions of the peasant land lease, land prices, ratios of different forms of rent in the farms of the region. It is noted that the lease has an important place in land ownership and land use farmers and other groups, is the main income of tenure and served as the backdrop of economic growth. The peculiarity of the region was a massive rent. For Astra-khan and Saratov provinces were characterized by a combination of different forms of rent, which contributed to the redistribution of land between the estates, strengthening the capitalist forms of land ownership. Despite significant differences (predominance of Astrakhan province Rental for money, and in the Saratov - payment castings or part of the harvest), in the provinces of Lower Volga rent a correlation with the development and growth of capitalist elements in the economy. This is evidenced by the trend of reducing sharecropping agreement and the existence of the rental business individuals and partnerships.
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The article describes the process of creating a judicial system in 1918 in the Kalmyk steppe, which was a part of the Astrakhan province. It was shown the leadership of Astrakhan judicial authorities as an example they have developed the most important «Regulations on the local court of Astrakhan pr ... ovince» as far back as March 19, 1918. Regulations introduced only educational qualification for judicial personnel, without affecting issues of prerevolutionary service. The first legislative act of the Kalmyk section of Astrakhan regional Executive Committee became its Resolution of 18 April 1918. This document abolished steppe judicial bodies, dismissed from service the judicial and investigating officials. The documents were revealed in the National archives of Kalmyk Republic, which showed that Chairman of Kalmyk section, E. Hara-Davan first announced the establishment of the People's courts on 20 March Yashkul Delegates meeting. It was decided to create aimak, ulus and rural People's courts on the May Yashkul United Russian-Kalmyk congress, whose members shall be elected from among the congregation. But until the middle of the summer the actual work on the creation of the judicial system has not been started. The crusial decision was taken at First Congress of Soviets of Deputies Working Kalmyk People (July 1-3). And on the eve of the Congress had received the letter Commissioner of Justice of the Astrakhan province, it is stating the need for the speedy establishment of the judicial system in Kalmyk uluses. Congress adapted Resolution «On the organization of the court case in the Kalmyk steppe» and created the local People's courts in every ulus, and also organized six investigative sites (in uluses of Maloderbetovsky, Manychsky, Yandyko-Mochazhny, Erketenovsky, Bagatsohuro-Harahusovsky). The final event was the appointment of A.M. Amur-Sanan Head of the Justice Department of the Kalmyk Executive Committee. Amur-Sanan came from the poor Kalmyk family from the Bolshederbetovsky ulus of Stavropol province. Before the revolution, he studied at the Faculty of Law of the People's University of A.L. Shanyavsky. After the February Revolution he returned to Kalmyk Republic, where he began to lead political activity. In March 1917 he participated on the Congress of representatives of Bolshederbetovsky ulus people and was elected as a member of Stavropol provincial Executive Committee of the Soviets. In June of the same year he participated in the Congress of the representatives of Kalmyk people of Astrakhan, Don and Terek provinces.
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The problems of equitable remuneration are relevant to any society under any political system. Hired labor policy and its evaluation are always the prerogative of the state. In our society in the minds of ordinary citizens and many politicians formed a stable installation that the definition of «wag ... es», «compensation», «remuneration», «income» is synonymous. This raises many conflicts, including in the legal and political legislative initiative. To clarify the peculiarities of modern interpretation from the perspective of the scientific validity of these definitions the focus of this article.
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In this article the author examines the dynamics of the index of human development in the regions of the Southern Federal District, the gross national income per capita, the index of income, life expectancy at birth, longevity index, middle, and school life expectancy, education index. Analytical st ... udy provides insight into the dynamics of the growth of the index of human development index HDI in recent years, and the main points of the growth of these indicators, and notes that in the Southern Federal District, thanks to the significant changes in the country has increased the value of the human development index. It is noted that in general the Russian Federation in the ranking this year has risen on seven positions in comparison with the previous year and a 50-seat, opening the list of countries with high human development, and dividing this place with Belarus. As a result, the authors on the basis of a comparative analysis and a statistical overview of a wide and available regional capacity makes conclusions and recommendations for further improving the quality and standard of living, as well as the rating of the region and the country as a whole.
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After the collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1990s, Russia's had to go through quite a shock decay and degradation, enormous social costs and losses. As a result, for many years Russia was thrown to the margins of world politics. This temporary «loss» of Russia in world politics as one of the cente ... rs at the time of the bipolar world system configuration, led to negative results of global, regional and national scale. In the current international situation rapidly began to take shape «unipolarity» of the US to impose on the world of rules of behavior, norms and values. And as a result - the world has entered a period of political instability - has waged war in the Balkans, carried out intervention in Iraq and Afghanistan, intensified transnational terrorism. But Russia is not a country that can slide on the «backyard of history», which give way to the challenges - Russia focuses, going with the forces and then, adequately respond to any calls. Since the beginning of the 2000s, Russia began to advance on the path of recovery, finding an independent place in the world politics. In modern, complex economic, political, ideological and military-strategic situation, Russia is facing the need to re-formulate its foreign policy goals, define their security interests.
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Today, Eurasia it is the most dynamic global supercontinent. At the same time, all three main regions of Eurasia - the EU, Russia and China are linked large-scale trade relations, having sustained structural. Eurasian integration should not be seen as something deferent from the integration processe ... s in Europe and Asia, on the contrary, it should be inscribed in the context of numerous modernization projects and the system of economic relations, developing on the Eurasian continent and around it. The future of the Eurasian area will be determined by the Russian policy, by selected development priorities in turbulent conditions of international relationships, aimed to development, modernization and integration of the economic potentials of the Eurasian countries. Despite the contradictory attitude to Russia, the majority of countries in Europe and Asia recognize that long-term security in the continent is only possible in cooperation with Russia, and not in confrontation with it.
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In this article the author considers highly relevant to the problem of modern Russia - the specificity of the political culture of archaism of the North Caucasus in the context of international relations in the republics of the region. The author refers to the analysis of the main factors archaism p ... olitical culture of the region and their impact on the socio-political processes in the North Caucasus republics. Particular attention is paid to the negative effects of archaism of political culture on the nature of international relations, considering the ethno-nationalist and ethno-religious tendencies in the republics of the North Caucasus.
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Different approaches have been reviewed in the article for understanding the essence of information technology as more promising way for political process provision. This problem is topical due to traditional communication form changes during information society forming process and freeware distribu ... tion of information technologies. Information technologies increase direct contacts between the government and citizens; give opportunities to small social groups to realize their interests; affect the improvement, provision of procedures clarity and state decision making. An attempt was made in the article to identify principal trends which develop information technologies. In the result of the analysis a special importance of Internet Technology was revealed both for state and social development. Internet being a global communication mean opens new ways of state administration and interaction of government and society. In addition the article provides statistics which contain information about social investigations, politicians and public men ratings for certain period of time. Authors think about the role of social interactions in internet, see the prospects of political communication development in using any good opportunity for the citizens to take part on political processes. Empirical analysis of insufficient explored resources of Russian internet world wide web - weblogs was carried out
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This article explores the use of elements of Russian nationalism in the discourse of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia. Analyzes the features of the discourse of the party, its ideological content and the main controversies, influence on the formation of the official discourse of the state and ... of public sentiment, as well as the role and prospects of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia in the formation and development of the party system of Russia.
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The article analyzes the value of the Astrakhan region in the implementation of foreign policy of the Russian Federation in the Caspian region. Astrakhan region, occupying favorable for Russia, the geographical position, is the southern Outpost of Russia in the Caspian sea. The author comes to the c ... onclusion that the Astrakhan region as an international actor in its strategic objective is promotion of the interests of the region on the markets of the Caspian region, and creating effective patterns of interaction with these countries to ensure the sustainable development of international and interregional cooperation. In the article the author focuses on the experience of cross-border cooperation of the Astrakhan region with the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as on political and economic international inter-regional cooperation of the Astrakhan region with the countries of near and far abroad.
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The sustainable development had a numerous challenges and risks in the Republic of Dagestan. The actual and specific problems of republic is ethnic problems, because it is a region where live a numerous ethnic groups, who has a competition interests. For a multi-ethnic society with unequal compositi ... on of different ethnic groups with their different representation in the ruling elite, to achieve justice and equality not just. These problems they are often very sensitive issue for ethnic minorities. The case of the Republic of Dagestan it is an example where this issue encounter very often. Very important for the Republic is the optimal combination of civilian identity with preservation of ethnic group identity, historical and ethno-cultural traditions that stem from the mentality and values of folk culture, are critical to maintaining stability and achieving sustainable development. The article discusses the obstacles to sustainable development is offered and how it can be achieved. We analyzed the ethnic aspect of the problem of sustainable development. . The article describes the main levels of ethnic tension. The study highlighted the most common factors of ethnic tension, generating threats and challenges to sustainable development of the Republic of Dagestan.
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The article examines the search, selection and analysis of modern concepts of civil society. The civil society concept is widespread. Civil society played an important role in the post-Communist transformations in the former Communist countries. The concept of civil society became is most significan ... t concepts of modernity. Its interpretation throughout history has been transformed and diffusion. Contemporary interpretation and understanding of civil society has emerged long ago and were dictated by the requests and values of the European society. The civil society studies problem in unilateral approach to its study and categorical impede his understanding and the efficiency of construction. The modern concept has a practical orientation and ideological content. The article analyzes approaches to the interpretation of civil society, common in contemporary science and practice: expanding-value, civil activation and communicative, institutional, control and restrictive, protest, political, globalization-supranational. The concepts difference by two blocks: ideologisation and functionally (joint) communication.
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In public life result achieving hasn't ever enough of their own efforts. Manipulators are met all over spheres of modern public life. Even referring to any significant historical events of an era we can note that any event in the political life never happened without anyone's support and action on t ... he «from above» orders. The twentieth century and today is no exception. It`s obviously, that to succeed in the political realities and the successful implementation of ideological activity, dealing with ideologies producing and translation, elites have to require commitment on the majority population part. Manipulation of consciousness is one of the most effective tools in the implementation of communication at the interpersonal, group and mass levels. In this article mind control is regarded as a component of the ideological activity. The author establishes the connection of the object via the socio-philosophical ideas of E. Fromm and J. Ortega y Gasset analysis with the political events of the twentieth century. It is indicated to improve the communications system of modern social reality. In conclusion the author's view on the determinants of effective manipulation of consciousness in the context of ideological activity is given.
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The protest is a form of communication of society and power which appears a difficult component of development of society and political system of a state. The way in which the media broadcast protest in the information space have fundamental importance for the protest. Therefore important it is how ... the media interpreted the protest: as a deviation or as a legal way to express discontent and to stimulate social change. These images allow to form a definite reaction of citizens and authorities. This paper describes protests in period of 2013-2015 on the example of following cases: «Case of Kvachkov»; «Meeting in the Bolotnaya Square in 2013»; «March for rights of Moscow`s citizens»; «March of peace» and protests of truckers in 2015. The research was conducted through the methods of event-analysis and case-study. The purpose of event-analysis was to obtain quantitative indicators characterizing the media concerning to the object of the research. «Yandex-news» was the resource for the data collection and processing of information about media reports about the protests. More than 1,300 news reports were analyzed during research. The research results show that civil protests are most fully highlighted nowadays by regional or online media. Their informational materials significantly different from the material of the federal television media. The information received from the media rather strongly shapes the citizen`s perception and evaluation of a socio-political process.
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The article is devoted to the current situation of the use of public opinion polls as a resource of political power. It is concluded that today the public opinion polls is not only the mechanisms of control of public - political situation, but also the resources of legitimation of important politica ... l decisions. The attention of researchers is also paid to the analysis of the dynamics of conducting public opinion polls officially organized by the executive authorities of the Astrakhan region.
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The article examines the crucial issues of the functioning of federal state in terms of contemporary geopolitical crisis. Are the point of view of scientists, economists and policy analysts, the problem of the external threat, creating the need for new units and integration with the countries of the ... East. Examines global problems Russia's foreign policy in the context of the crisis of world affairs. Distinctions in levels of social and economic progress of Russia and Byelorussia are considered. Article mentions key issues of functioning of Uniform Economic Space in aggregate positive and negative instants which speak distinctions in a social and economic arrangement of Russia and republic Belarus.
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Afghanistan and Syria for Russian steel control points for the demonstration of weapons and information warfare . US attacks were carried out on all fronts, accusing Russia of the murder of civilians in Syria and Afghanistan. In all such accusations led Russian sound arguments , which just nipped di ... screditing honor and dignity of the attempt. The object of this article is information warfare , the subject of the provocative messages towards Russia.
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Specific features of the legal status of the commissioners of the human rights in the subjects of Russian Federation, their place in the system of regional bodies of government are analysed in the article on the example of Stavropol Krai. Functioning of regional human rights's ombudsmen in Russian F ... ederation depends on many factors. It is shown in the paper that the effectiveness of human rights protection is largely dependent on the level of cooperation of the relevant government agencies, including prosecutors and ombudsmen.
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The article deals with the genesis and analysis of historical development of the notion of «innovation» from antiquity to the present. It is stressed that though the notion of «innovation» appears in economic theory as an established term, however, it includes not only the economic content. It is st ... ated that the phenomenon of innovation needs to be considered also as a socio-cultural phenomenon. The developmental history of the term ascends to the ancient tradition, which emphasizes human's artistic creative activity. It is spoken in detail about the issue of the socio-cultural conditionality of the scientific knowledge required for the formation of novation (the innovation activity process). The article gives a detailed analysis of externalist and internalist approaches in the history of science methodology, allowing to arrive at the conclusion that innovations and all the spheres of society mutually influence each other. The article also includes works of contemporary authors offering their vision of determining the place and the role of innovation in social processes. The main modern approaches to the definition of innovation are analyzed. Special attention is drawn to Russian researchers of the innovations phenomenon who set its socio-philosophical understanding as their task.
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This article provides an analysis of the dynamics of tourism in some countries, former overseas territories of the UK and France. The author emphasizes that the colonial past of some States contributed to the formation of interest from tourists from countries - former colonial powers because of the ... lack of a language barrier, availability of clear and familiar legal and political systems, and religion identical and separate norms of the host culture. Based on the results of data analysis statistics mass tourism in the countries - former colonies of the author comes to the conclusion that remote not bordering territories, when choosing a vacation spot, he selects a territory, in a sense, «familiar», close sociocultural guided by the need for existential comfort. For example, in Ireland and Australia tourists from English-speaking countries dominate among the rest. In Singapore during the colonial past here have developed a large Chinese and Indian Diaspora, dominant in number in comparison with the indigenous inhabitants - the Malays, also, along with the active participation of the state by the British affected the tourist activity of Chinese and Indians. It is emphasized that the historical colonial past of some States in the twenty-first century, embodied in the new form of «territory development» - tourism.
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In the article, the Social Institute of tourism as a sociocultural phenomenon generating innovations was analyzing. It traced the stages of the historical development of tourism since the days of antiquity to the present. It showed that in the conditions of cross-cultural interaction is a mutual enr ... ichment of national cultures, and as a result, the formation of supranational cultural trends that reflect a full matrix of knowledge symbolic universal. Permanent break boundaries to form new-frontier area, which played a huge difference in complication semiotic spaces, enhancing motivation travel. Eventually passion in the development of geographic spaces replaced passion in creating spaces conceivable possibilities. In these spaces, creative energies could manifest themselves during the scientific and technological revolution, the results of which are fully able to take advantage of the inventor Thomas Cook organized tourism. Features innovation T. Cook considered through the prism of his religious consciousness, as the cause of the inexhaustible source of creativity and inspiration. The further evolution of the tourism practitioner acts as a repeater cultural patterns, ideas and meanings that are not only determined by people's ideas, but also designed a variety of virtual environmental reality. It obtained compensatory function Social Institute of Tourism as a means of identity assertion in the conditions of growing globalization.
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This study aims to explain the psychological characteristics of adolescents in extreme situations. The strongest challenge for the personality developpement is the war as a social phenomenon that has a detrimental effect on the mental health of a teenager. In these conditions exactly our research of ... Syrian adolescents was conducted. Based on the analysis results, we revealed three clusters, reflecting the psychological specifics of Syrian teenagers.
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Russian elite state in the difficult conditions of the present modernization stage is examined in this article, when the general condition of our country's reform will directly depend on successful solving of various problems at the local level. Elites play a dominant role in the regional political ... processes forming. In the political decision making process the interests of elites, their value and object orientations are the most significant. Namely the elite region groups determine the political process direction, the development dynamics in all its development spheres forming the country's political space. This process is characterized by the increasing role of political elites in the region, the concentration in their hands of the main power and management resources.
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This paper studies euroislamic identity as an ideologically constructed and political motivated phenomenon. Concept «euroislam» served as shorthand label for the interpretation of the «Tatarstan model» at the early beginning Tatar's separatism movement. Euroslamic identity supports local Tatar refor ... mism because it feeds the regional energy of self-affirmation. Political and ideological synthesis of a «euroislam» is an important strategic policy tool for the realization of the «Tatarstan Model».
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