The search for mechanisms to accelerate scientific and technological progress in the USSR in the context of the main development trends of the leading capitalist countries in the 1960s

Annotation

The current geopolitical situation requires the development of a scientifically sound state scientific and technical policy in the shortest possible time to ensure the achievement of technological sovereignty. To this end, it seems relevant and necessary to study domestic and foreign historical experience. The purpose of the study is to consider, on the basis of currently declassified archival documents, the problem of leading Soviet specialists searching for optimal mechanisms to accelerate scientific and technological progress in the USSR in the 1960s in the context of their identification of the main trends in the development of leading capitalist countries. The methodological basis of the research is the principles of historicism, objectivity and reliability. It is proved that the data presented in the studied documents testified both to the structural restructuring of the economy in the leading countries of scientific and technological development being fixed by experts at that time, and to attempts to take into account and use the studied experience in developing strategies and mechanisms for accelerating the pace of scientific and technological development in the USSR. The conclusion is formulated that a certain part of the data was taken into account in the preparation of a number of important government documents, in particular, the Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR approved in October 1968 on improving the efficiency of scientific organizations and accelerating the use of science and technology achievements in the national economy. According to him, the responsibility of research institutes, design bureaus and design organizations for the level of scientific research, design, design and technological developments was significantly increased. From now on, the activities of developing organizations should be evaluated mainly by how effectively specialists work, what technical and economic effect the defense industry and the national economy receive from the introduction of their developments. A significant number of scientists have tried, referring to data on the state of affairs in a particular area in the United States, to draw attention to the need for accelerated development of their own developments in a number of key areas, including the development of computer technology. However, the recommendations of specialists were often ignored.

Keywords

• scientific and technical revolution
• scientific and technical policy
• scientific and technological progress
• defining trends
• leading capitalist countries
• key indicators
• reforms
• scientific organizations
• research activities
• computer technology
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Contribution of the authors

Bodrova E. V. – generalization, analysis of the collected materials, writing the original text, formulating conclusions; Kalinov V. V. – collection and analysis of archival documents, revision of the text, formulation of conclusions; Krasivskaya V. N. – collection analysis of archival documents, formulation of conclusions.

References

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