Issue 2018 No. 1 (54)

В статье на примере «Товарищества нефтяного производства Братьев Нобель» в Астрахани рассматривается судьба владельцев промышленных империй. Товарищество «Брат ... ья Нобель» - это яркий пример успешного частного предпринимательства в дореволюционной России, деятельность которого была прервана в результате Октябрьской социалистической революции. После революционных событий 1917 г. большевистская власть полностью подвергла национализации многочисленные нефтяные склады, базы, предприятия и городки промышленной империи «Товарищества нефтяного производства Братьев Нобель». Рассматривается деятельность «Товарищества», которая заложила основы для развития Астраханского отдела нефтяной компании уже в новых экономических и политических реалиях. Отмечается, что трудно переоценить вклад акционерного общества «Братья Нобель» в экономическую и социальную сферу Астраханской губернии. Отмечается, что созданная благодаря грандиозным усилиям Людвига Нобеля на рубеже XIX-XX вв. в эпоху капитализма промышленная империя братьев Нобель становится фундаментом для будущей нефтедобывающей и нефтеперерабатывающей промышленности большевистской России, особенно в регионах Северного Кавказа и Закавказья.
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Inthemid 1920s after the launch of the «face to the peasantry» policy in the USSR changes came in the relationships between the authoritiesand such a specific social group as the Cossacks. In the 1920s the Don Cossacks still were a solidary social group to be counted with. That was in spite of the m ... ilitary, political and social turmoil, the change in social status and worsening of the welfare state. Uptothemid 1920s the Cossacks were reserved, distrustful, and even hostile due to the fear of new repressions. This forced the Party and Soviet authorities to search the ways to reconcile with the Cossacks in order to draw them to the processes of Soviet state organization. For that reason the Party and Soviet authorities started surveying the Cossacks' social and political attitudes to devise the ways of turning the Cossacks into a loyal social group. Establishment off actors and conditions that affected the Cossacks' attitudes let the authorities devise measures on integration of the Cossacks into the Soviet system of social and political relations. The article covers the authority measures on surveying the social and political attitudes of the Don Cossacksas well as the main ways of modification of those attitudes.
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In the article the first time, based on unpublished archival documents and regional periodicals, studies issues related to the staging, teaching of needlework in primary, secondary and vocational schools in the Kuban region. Statistical materials, the state of teaching needlework, program requiremen ... ts, the activity of charitable societies for the creation of professional needlework classes in primary women's educational institutions are analyzed. It is concluded that the formation of the women's vocational school occurred during the development of capitalist relations, the means of mass communication and information, changes in the social roles of women, and the growing interest in the society in female needlework. This became the reason for highlighting the embroidery craft in a special branch of handicraft production.
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He article reveals the results of the project «The perception of Europe among young people in the context of current geopolitical transformations». A focus group discussion was the main method of gathering empirical information. To assess and conceptualize the data obtained, the results were discuss ... ed with 15 experts. The study made it possible to identify the main contextual, communicative and subject factors, as well as assess their impact on the perception of Europe by modern Russian youth. The most important "perceptual filter" affecting the "core" image of Europe is Russian system of education. Despite all the zigzags of the foreign policy course, it retains its Eurocentric orientation, both in organization and in content of educational process at various levels. As far as peripheral components are concerned, Internet resources play a crucial role in their formation, especially such as social networks, blogs, drains and online games. Traditional media have practically lost the role of "perceptual filter" in the youth audience. The study revealed the existing generational gap in the perception of Europe, and it is mostly connected with the nature of personal experience.
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Collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 led to the increase in number of the Caspian Littoral States. It was necessary under the circumstances to revisean old legislative frameworkand renew the legal status of the Caspian Sea.Former Soviet-Persian and Soviet-Iranian agreements, whichhad previously dete ... rmined the legal status of the basin, didn't correspond with needs of the time because of the lack of juridical regulations about such topical issues as: marine mineral exploration, environmental requirements to the mineral resources development, etc. Unilateral actions of some Littoral States didn't find understanding and support of their neighbors. That aggravated a situation in the region as well asadversely affected the negotiation process within the framework of the Special Working Group for drafting a Convention on the legal status of the Caspian Sea at the level of Deputy Foreign Ministers of the Littoral States (SWG). The article analyzes the mechanisms formed after the collapse of the USSR for elaborating the international legal status of the Caspian Sea. The core role in the negotiation process along with SWGs as well as Meetings of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Caspian Littoral States played Caspian Summits. The authors underline positive influence of summits on establishment of multilateral cooperation mechanisms in the region as well as development of relations in the «Caspian Five». Positive balance of the First Caspian Summit (Ashgabat, 2002) and its positive influence on the rapprochement of the Littoral States on the «sensitive questions of cooperation» are considered. The regulations of the Joint Declaration of the Second Caspian Summit (Tehran, 2007) as political guideline for the negotiation process on the legal status of the basin till the adoption of the comprehensive Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Seaare analyzed. Great positive significance of the Agreementon Security Cooperation in the Caspian Sea, which was endorsed within the framework of the Third Caspian Summit (Baku, 2010), for strengthening the status of the Caspian Sea as basin of peace, friendship and good-neighborliness is highlighted. The breakthrough natureof the agreements of the Fourth Caspian Summit (Astrakhan, 2014) on key questions of regional cooperation issues, which have become a legalframework for the draft comprehensive Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea, is noted.
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In work an attempt to carry out the analysis of kinds of corruption offenses in the military sphere as the difficult social phenomenon having various forms of the manifestation which aren't always obvious is made. The malignancy of their influence on safety of Russia is defined. Constructive ways of ... anti-corruption in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are offered.
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The making of the ISIS (outlawed in Russia) and its strengthening will have long been a phenomenon to study. What is clear now, however, is that even though the organization was finally self-sufficient it couldn't have lasted for so long and be so battle-efficient if it were not for the direct or ci ... rcumstantial support from the outside. The present work scrutinizes relations between Turkey and the so called «Islamic State», reveals driving factors shaping Ankara's attitudes vis-Г -vis the organization and the subsequent transformation of the attitudes.
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The article deals with current aspects and future directions of formation and implementation of public policy for cities and regions with monospecialization, as well as it's role and importance in modern conditions. The relevance of this direction of activity of the state in the current socio-politi ... cal realities is noted, the problematic aspects of the functioning of single-industry municipal entities in Russia and abroad are highlighted, promising policies in this area are pointed out. It is concluded that policies for cities and regions with monospecialization, as a result of various assumptions, factors, etc., in turn, leads to certain quantitative and qualitative differences observed in specific models, and this raises the question about the possibilities and limits of borrowing foreign experience of this direction of activity of the state in particular countries and in relation to specific single-industry towns and areas.
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The article reflects the actual change in the system of international relations on the modern stage. Examines the tools and methods of international cooperation. Special attention is paid to "soft power" as a set of strategic measures to promote the national interest of individual countries in the i ... nternational arena.
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The globalization process allowed to form a new latent type of political aggression that is based on initiating political instability (IPN). One of the key elements of this political technology is an ability to use a network principle and, in compliance with the doctrine of swarm, to form a mob in l ... arge administrative centers that will make the government take decisions necessary for the external environment.
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Issues of the effectiveness of economic sanctions are one of the priority areas in the studies devoted to foreign policy instruments. Among the authors of such studies, there is still no consensus on the effectiveness of sanctions. The range of their opinions is very broad - from extremely pessimist ... ic to extremely optimistic. Meanwhile particular interest is caused by factors or conditions of political effectiveness of sanctions actively used by modern states and international organizations. In this article continuing these traditions individual conditions are considered that increase the effectiveness of sanctions. First, effectiveness, according to the author, increases if sanctions affect the material interests of influential groups of the target state, which include big businessmen, the politicians and the elected government officials. Secondly, the effectiveness of sanctions will be higher if they can lead to large-scale political costs, that is, the loss of political support by leaders and the reduction of their power. Thirdly, the effectiveness of sanctions increases if they are used against personalistic regimes that, unlike military and one-party regimes, rely on a personal clique that serves as a kind of social base for them. As a result, the author formulates the concept of maximum effectiveness of sanctions, which is achieved when all the above conditions are met.
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Promotion of civic engagement is one of the key components of governmental toolkits and civic initiatives in six Eastern Partnership countries - Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Republic of Moldova and Ukraine, which were especially activated after The Eastern Partnership (EaP) processes were ... put forward in 2008. Despite these efforts, civic engagement is still low in almost all EaP countries. This paper aims at studying the level of civic engagement in Eastern Partnership countries in a comparative perspective, which will give insight into the question of at what level «attributes» of democracy are developed in the countries which are currently involved in broad consolidation processes. We constructed a measurement model of civic engagement and built a Composite Index of Civic Engagement to enable meaningful comparison of EaP countries based on the derived results. For comparative analysis we used database of 6 Wave of World Value Survey (WVS). The variables involved in WVS performed good ability to tap measurement model of civic engagement in EaP countries. The results gave evidences that civic engagement in Armenia is higher comparing to Azerbaijan, Belarus and Georgia and is equal to the one in Ukraine.
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The comprehension of the causes, conditions and results of socio-political transformations in China in the period from 1949 to 1982 remains an urgent research topic. Discussions and disputes on these issues continue today. Since 1968, Fyodor Burlatsky (1927-2014) published his assessments and charac ... teristics regarding the socio-political transformations in China. Burlatsky was not a professional sinologist, but despite this, his works give the opportunity to get immersed in the problems of the period under consideration.
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Cryptocurrency is extremely popular today. In many countries people pay withcryptocurrency and sometimes they even paid salaries with it. In our country, a new currency came relatively recently. Despite the fact that operations with crypto currency in Russia are illegal, its popularity remains quite ... high. The authors of this article analyzed the literature on this topic and collected material using the method of included observation and expert interview. Despite the high volatility, the most popular cryptocurrency today is bitcoin.
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Power industry plays a leading role in the global economy. The modern civilization development was based on harnessing new energy sources and was characterized by continuous increase of energy consumption. Until the mid-20th century coal and firewood were the main sources of energy. Then the world e ... nergy balance increasingly became focused on oil, gas and, at the end of the century, nuclear energy. The article dwells on application of modern management tools in the process of government control over power industry. More than 20 % of the Russian GDP structure is formed by the fuel and energy industry, so the benchmarking of the best management practices is quite urgent for this industry and meets the national energy securityrequirements. As a rule, the modern Russian strategic tools are represented by results of their application in business structures. However, foreign experience shows that applying these tools in government control can also boost overall efficiency of the system functioning. The paper presents a fragment of the strategic map application in the process of the government control over the power industry with the use of the benchmarking method and system approach.
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This article is devoted to the actual problem of the study of images of the future in Soviet society of the 40-50's. XX century. Images of the socialist future were formed by the scientific and expert community of the Soviet Union. They were presented for free discussion in the framework of both par ... ty and mass discussions. The formation of the image of the future in the USSR was influenced by numerous factors, conditioned, first of all, by the internal logic of the development of the Soviet community.
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This article analyzes the problems ofmodernnetwork forms of religious life. The main emphasis is on studying the experience of Russian Orthodoxy in this context. The relevance of this topic due to the fact that the growing need of the modern society in digital entertainment and communication in diff ... erent social networks allows us to consider the Internet as "a new social institution." The gradual integration of the Internet into all spheres of everyday life, touched on such deep layers of human culture, unchanged for one hundred years, as religion and spirituality, thus giving rise to a number of problems. With the aim of preserving the followers of world faiths are forced to answer the challenges of a changing environment, offers a completely new form of religious life that help to maintain constant contact with the flock, forming a communication network-level dialogue, through various online projects. And such forms of communication (on the example of Orthodoxy) in conjunction with their low level of scrutiny, are problematic field of this research.
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The article describes an episode from the amazing fate of a blind missionary sectarian of the second half of the 19th century. MalkhazMelkonyants, who preached on the territory of the Astrakhan province. Being a Turkish Armenian by birth, he was raised in a special school under the American evangeli ... cal mission, after which he went to the south of the Russian Empire to raise funds and neophytes. The choice of the place of preaching was determined by the excellent command of the Russian language, which Melkonyantsa was taught in the mission. Melkonyants visited the lands of the Don Army, in the Tauride, Stavropol and Saratov provinces, after which he went to the Astrakhan province, namely, to the center of Molokan sectarianism in the village of. Prishib Tsar's uyezd. The preaching of Melkonyants was a great success, not only among the Molokans, but also Subbotniks. By this time in Astrakhan and the province there already existed a missionary Cyril and Methodius society, whose work was directed against so-called schismatics, or Old Believers, and sectarians, primarily against Molokans, as the most numerous. The missionary priests, both local and arrived from provincial Astrakhan, conducted a skillful opposition to Melkonyants, in alliance with local "prophets" and representatives of local sectarians who came from the Crimea and the Caucasus.
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The article aims to consider how philosophical and religious factor influenced the development of ideas of the Russian society transformation and its state policy. From chronological point of view the study covers the whole historical way that Russia has made. The author makes conclusions on the dif ... ferences in the sources which generate the ideas of the state and society reforming, how the political course is implemented in different periods of Russian history, as well as differences in the role that such ideas played in the past and play now. Therefore the article considers not only the religious idea of Russian middle ages, but also the «Russian idea» which appeared later. The author allotted a particular part to the issue of the role this factor plays in the political life of modern Russian society. In this respect the author has analyzed the ideas suggested by K.A. Frolov and K.A. Loginov, V.N. Sagatovskiy, patriarch Kirill, as well as theses stated in the Bases of the Social Concept of the Russian Orthodox Church. The review nature of the article presupposes the use of comparativism method, descriptive and dialectical method, as well as general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis.
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Рўhe article raises the question of the positivity of belief. Faith is regarded as a spiritual cognition, as a fact of the origin of thought in the world perception, as an object substantial, as a separate kind of matter. In everyday life, one encounters a desire to logically explain the invisible w ... orld. In this case, faith appears in the form of a correlation of internal intuition, as a revelation, and the logic of the external, as a scientific confirmation. On the example of the Trinity, the invisible world is viewed as the unity of Reason, Soul and Heart, or as the unity of the three Hypostasis of the Father. Through the synthesis study, the conclusion was made about the presence of yet another Hypostasis of the Father-Faith. Trusting mathematics, trusting linguistics, trusting logic, believing in life itself, we can accept the substantial faith as a separate kind of matter! And considering the multidimensionality of being and the variety of vector orientations, we can also admit the idea of the existence of other Hypostasis of the Father, and hence of "likeness", and of other parts in our body. By adopting faith as part of a human being, we will scale up the human perception in this scale, our life will be enriched with yet another new meaning, and hence the quality of life. Key words: faith, probability, world visible, invisible world, mind, intuition, logic, Trinity, Father's hypostasis, vector, multidimensionality, human parts, substance, kind of matter, meaning and quality of life.
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The paper discusses the political aspects of the writings ofFrancis Bacon.It is argued that the main occupation of Francis Bacon was a political activity.Philosophical works of Bacon had a practical purpose. Their goal was a solution to the socio-political problems and problem of state-building.Thir ... ty years of his life Bacon devoted his political career.Three years directly supervised by the British government.More than half of the scientific works of Bacon written on a political topic.Socio-political orientation of the Bacon accentuates the leading idea of the whole his philosophy.Philosophy in the understanding of Bacon is a tool to search for the truth, true knowledge.True knowledge gives understanding of the background of events and motives of their participants.The combination of these conditions gives politicians the real power and the ability to change the face of the world.This position combines in one unit all actions of Bacon throughout his life.Here appears through a binding element, which is present at all stages of the political career of Francis Bacon.This is problem is the political stability of British society, peace and social harmony in the country.The solution to this problem is important for any society in any period of its existence.
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This article is devoted to disclosure of the Alexey FyodorovichLosev's concept of philosophy of religion. The most important concepts of the Absolute in NikolayKuzansky, Friedrich Schelling, Georg Hegel, Paul Natorp, Edmund Gusserl and Oswald Spengler's works which have exerted impact on works of th ... e Russian thinker are considered. The essence reveals and the criticism of transcendental, phenomenological and dialectic methods of philosophizing is shown. It is considered and determined provisions of above-mentioned aspects in Losev's philosophy in already removed type or in philosophical creativity movement to synthesis is only performed. Alexey FyodorovichLosev's philosophical views of Neoplatonism sources as philosophical system about system of hierarchy of life and to forming passing are analyzed, the ascending of the steps created as reconstruction of archaic mythology and Neoplatonism as a social stage is attempt of return to the archaic communal relations and, as a result, to mythology. As a result influence of concepts of above-mentioned thinkers on formation of Alexey Fyodorovich Losev's own dialectic method as the dialectic method can open unity of the considered categories of each culture proves to be true. Own dialectic method of Alexey FyodorovichLosev is shown them as logical designing of an eidos, that is the finished image of a thing from the point of view of logic. The dialectic law of coincidence of contrasts of the philosopher which reveals an eidos as synthesis of the contradictory properties which are integrally turned into an alive, real organism of a thing is shown.
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The socio-economic development of the region largely depends on the condition of transport infrastructure and well-coordinated interaction of all modes of transport. Achieving this goal is impossible without a coherent policy of center and local leadership and elites of the region in the development ... of transport and logistics system. The successful solution of this task is determined by the creation of a sustainable political communication between government center and the region.
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The regional political elite includes representatives of the ruling class, performing political functions in the region through holding senior positions in government bodies, activity in political parties, and public organizations. Specificity of regional elites depends on the level of social and ec ... onomic development of the region, ethnic structure and local socio-cultural characteristics. The social contradictions of the region can be expressed in nationalist movements. Ethnonational movements can declare a variety of goals (for example, the formation of a new identity, attempts to reconstruct the old one). At anational level, such ideas are only understood by the ethnic elite, within the framework of regional communities, the activity of ethnic entrepreneurs can be realized as a political resource. At the regional level, ethnicity acts both as a political resource and an instrument of political mobilization, as it can serve as the basis for ideology and regionalist movements. However, participation in nationalist movements is not an effective channel for direct co-optation into regional elites. Within the legal framework of the federal structure of the Russian Federation, the general trend of depoliticization of ethnicity is traced. In fact, ethno-nationalist discourse itself in the regions is replaced by social demands for protecting the economic interests of the population. At the same time, social inequality in the political sphere is treated by the public consciousness as a problem. Active migration from the North Caucasus region is an important factor in the internal policy of the South of Russia. Export of features of political culture and mechanisms of formation of the regional political elite, expressed through concepts of archaization, is possible. In the future, it creates a risk of increasing inter-ethnic tensions.
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Modern Belarus demonstrates a stable socio-political state, despite the attempts by a number of Western countries to weaken and destabilize its internal situation. The sanctions introduced in the 2000 by the western countries against the Belarusian showed their low efficiency. The political class of ... Belarus has withstood and successfully adapted to this negative pressure from the outside. Much more important are the internal political problems of this state. At present, the political dialogue between the elite (power) and the counter-elite (opposition) is not constructive. In fact, the political system has not been modernized. There is a command-administrative style in elite selection that suppresses the initiative from below and limits the open competitive struggle for power.
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The book, written by the authors in 2016, is a logical continuation of the previous works of the authors, devoted to security issues in modern Germany and the problems associated with the presence of a large number of migrants in the society. The authors argue that many events might not have happene ... d, many problems could have been avoided if the ruling elite and the media had not been silent on crimes committed by migrants and refugees. Such behavior of the mass media and politicians is conditioned by the multiculturalism policy prevailing in the country and the ideas of political correctness.
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The reader is offered a review of the translated recently book by the well-known American anthropologist and sociologist James S. Scott "The art of not being governed". This review considers the reasons and the limits of the production of a review, reviewing of something.