The situation of nomadic animal husbandry in Stavropol province in the 19th - early 20th centuries

Annotation

The purpose of the publication is to analyze the state of nomadic animal husbandry - Nogais, Kalmyks and Turkmens - who lived in Stavropol province in the 19th - early 20th centuries. The nature of the material and spiritual culture of the nomadic peoples of Southern Russia was determined by the management of nomadic cattle breeding, which remained the basis of nomadic life for many centuries. However, in the first half of the 19th century, the livestock breeding of local peoples developed extremely slowly. To a large extent, this was explained by the peculiarities of the natural, climatic and geographical landscape of the areas inhabited by nomadic societies, as well as the epizootics raging in the region (cattle plague, anthrax, etc.). The scientific novelty of the work lies in the approach to studying the state of local animal husbandry, which consists in the ratio of statistics of livestock development with the number of population and areas of residence Nomads: the Achikulaksky bailiff, Bolshederbetovsky ulus and the Turkmen bailiff. The epizootic state of nomadic animal husbandry in the historical period under consideration is analyzed. As a result of the study, it was concluded that nomadic livestock breeding in Stavropol province, despite the absolute and relative reduction of livestock in certain historical periods (1850s, 1870-1880s, 1910s) maintained its rather strong positions in the North Caucasus, however, structural changes in livestock breeding of nomadic societies proceeded far differently. Steppe cattle breeding with extensive methods of breeding and caring for animals under the influence of numerous factors and the natural course of economic evolution, underwent transformations, which was expressed in the change of some economic forms with new, modern ones. Bolshederbetovsky ulus, the Achikulak and Turkmen bailiffs of Stavropol province remained the largest cattle-breeding regions of the North Caucasus.

Keywords

• russian empire
• Stavropol province
• the Achikulak bailiff
• Bolshederbetovsky ulus
• Turkmen bailiff
• nomads
• nomadic cattle breeding
• extensive farming
• epizootics
• natural and climatic factors
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Contribution of the authors

Dzhumagulova A. T. – development of the research concept, study of literature and sources, work in the archive, processing and presentation of documentary materials, writing the text, final conclusions; Kidirniyazov D. S. – topic selection, argumentation of the problem, formulation and justification of the purpose of the article, general and practical generalizations.

Acknowledgments

the study was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation within the framework of scientific grant No. 22-18-00313 “Transformation of nomadic societies of the South of Russia in the context of natural and climatic factors (XIX – mid-XX centuries)” 9https://rscf.ru/project/22-18-00313/).

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