Issue 2021 No. 2 (67)

Based on the analysis of scientific literature, archival and other documents, the problem of the beginning of changes in the economic course of the Russian Federation in the context of a sharp aggravation of the geopolitical situation in 2014 and the need to find mechanisms to ensure economic growth ... is investigated. The study of the transcripts of parliamentary hearings, publications of representatives of government structures, the scientific community and entrepreneurs allowed us to formulate a conclusion about the recognition of the importance of state industrial policy that began at this stage, but at the same time, a sharp polarization of opinions about the role of credit and financial policy. A significant number of experts identified the rejection of an active industrial policy as a major strategic miscalculation, not imagining it possible to build a national innovation system, to implement a systemic modernization of Russia, without restoring the industry. During the discussions, specific proposals were formulated, some of which were not used in the development of new strategic documents. The conclusion is based on the need for active, hard work with the involvement of leading experts, scientists and practitioners in order to determine the most important priorities, optimal mechanisms for implementing a technological breakthrough and ensuring structural adjustment.
Read more

The article is devoted to the activities of S. I. Elagin in the committee for the revision of the Maritime Regulations. Work on the creation of new naval rules for the Russian fleet took place in 1850-1853 under the leader-ship of the Grand Duke, Admiral General Konstantin Nikolaevich. The article d ... iscusses the compilation of S. I. Elagin of the historical review of the decisions on the formation of the Russian fleet and its directorates. S. I. Elagin, the historical rules for a number of ship positions, which were used to draw up the draft of the 3rd section of the Naval Regulations. It is also worth paying attention to the comparison of the historical rules of the Russian navy, dedicated to a number of positions, with similar rules of the navies of France and England, which were compiled by S. I. Elagin. The contribution of S. I. Elagin on the inclusion of a number of rules of foreign fleets in the 3rd section of the draft Russian naval charter. The compilation of S. I. Elagin of explanations for the first and second sections of the Naval Regulations. Mention is made of the awards to S. I. Elagin for participation in the work on revising the Maritime Charter. The early biography of S. I. Elagin and his service in the navy and translation of articles on the events in the navy of European countries for the magazine "Marine collection".
Read more

The article is devoted to the aspects of the activity of the Emerital Pension Fund of the Russian Maritime Ministry during the management of its affairs by the Head M. A. Pevurov. His biography is briefly described in this scientific work. Special attention is paid to the problems of the Emerital Ca ... sh Register of the Russian Maritime Ministry, the solution of which was necessary to ensure the financial viability of this organization. It was thanks to the fruitful work of M. A. Peshchurov in the role of the Head of the Cash Register that differences were discovered in time in the real indicators of its activity in comparison with theoretical calculations. Of course, it took time to resolve these issues, but despite these and other difficulties, the Cash Register not only continued its activities for the payment of pensions and benefits, but also provided certain benefits to its participants. During the 24-year management of M. A. Peshurov's affairs of the Emerital Cash Register, this institution reached the highest peak of its activity and then, almost suddenly, found itself on the edge of insolvency. However, in this disorder of the Cashier's affairs, the main role was played by reasons that did not depend on the Manager. Further research has shown that the real reason for the decline of the Pension Fund was solely in the very emerital principle that underlay the structure of the Emerital Pension Fund.
Read more

The article is devoted to the insufficiently researched question of the labor heroism of the workers of the rear of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR during the Great Patriotic War, which largely explains its topicality. The relevance of the topic is also explained by the important role of the Chechen-Ingush ... ASSR with its developed oil industry complex as part of the North Caucasus rear base of the Red Army. The purpose of the article is to determine the degree of impact of labor heroism on improving the efficiency of the economy of Chechen-Ingushetia in the study period. The article is written using the published works of researchers from the Chechen-Ingushetia and the Chechen Republic, materials of the republican newspaper "Grozny Worker" and archival materials, which allowed us to recreate with a sufficient degree of completeness the picture of the heroic work of the workers of the rear of the CHIASSR. The comparative-historical and problem-chronological methods were used in the work, which made it possible to identify the general and special features in the historical events described and to consider in chronological order the activity of the workers of the CHIASSR during the Great Patriotic War. The material involved shows that the active activity of the workers became an important factor that made it possible to fully utilize the entire industrial and agricultural potential of Chechen-Ingushetia in the conditions of a severe war to achieve victory over Nazi Germany. On the basis of the materials used, it can be concluded that the labor heroism of the workers allowed to compensate to some extent for the shortage of workers and the lack of financial and material resources of the state.
Read more

The article analyzes the relationship between value orientations and political attitudes among students of Siberia and Far Eastern Federal Districts. It is based on the materials of a mass survey of senior students, 8-11 grade, and university students on their 1-2 year. The research shows the domina ... nce of high schools, as well as of 4 political values in the youth environment: justice, freedom, human rights and order. The authors use the clustering method, by which 7 value-ideological clusters of modern youth were identified: «left-patriots», «social democrats», «liberals», «ethnoregionals», «idealists», «undecided» and «evaded» from answers. The article shows a high level of interest among young people in political events in Russia and their critical views on political situation in the country, which is typical for all clusters. The authors had performed a comparative analysis of the trust level in public and political organizations and institutions, which revealed negative rating of most political institutions, in addition to the power block and the volunteer movement. At the same time, more than half of the representatives of all clusters singled out the state as the main subject of politics and appeal to state authorities to protect their interests as the preferred form of political activity. The role of society, citizens and parties in modern politics was noted by about a third of the participants in certain clusters. In conclusion, the authors say that the boundaries of value-ideological clusters in the minds of young people are conditional, which creates the basis for the situational consolidation of their representatives in the political process of modern Russia.
Read more

On July 21, 2020, the State Duma of the Russian Federation adopted amendments to the electoral legis-lation on three-day voting in elections in Russia. In the article, the author conducts an expert assessment of experts on the introduction of a three-day voting in the Russian Federation using the co ... ntent analysis of the official media. The author of the article identifies four groups of experts with different opinions on the introduction of a three-day voting in the Russian Federation. The first group of experts has a positive attitude to the conduct of the three-day voting in the Russian Federation, the second group of experts highlights the positive aspects and separately notes the points that should be finalized in the electoral legislation, the third group of experts has a negative attitude to the conduct of the three-day voting, the fourth group of experts sums up the first results from the introduction of the three-day voting. We also note that voting within three days: 1) can be used to increase voter turnout; 2) provides additional time for the motivation of the voter to materialize in real votes for a candidate or party; 3) gives the opportunity to take part in elections to voters who work on election day, or for any other reason, cannot take part in voting on election day; 4) lowers the level of public control over the conduct of the electoral process; 5) this type of voting should be supplemented by mechanisms of public control.
Read more

This article contains the comparative study of mutual perception of Russia and Kazakhstan. The authors set themselves the goal of identifying the key features of the mutual perception of countries on grounds of theoretical and methodological methods of political and psychological approach. The resea ... rch procedure consisted of conducting focused interviews and drawing tests among residents of the studied countries. For the analysis of political perception, qualitative methods with quantitative elements were used. Specifics of images of Russia and Kazakhstan in the minds of citizens of both countries were identified, taking into account the rational and unconscious levels of perception. Also, the authors, relying on the problematic approach, identified the key political and psychological factors that affect the process of mutual socio-political perception. The results of the political and psychological analysis demonstrate that there are grounds in the minds of the inhabitants of Russia and Kazakhstan for the further development of union relations. However, the Russian respondents' perception of Kazakhstan at an irrational level is extremely vague, emotionally neutral, and does not differ in deep affection. There is a negativization of the image of Russia in some of its structural elements (image of power, foreign policy image). The identified trends may soon become a threat to the development of international processes in the Caspian region.
Read more

The article is based on the mass survey of young people in the regions of the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts, which was conducted by the corporate authors of the Department of Political Science of Altai State University in the fall of 2020. The survey involved 2,500 pupils of grades 8-11 ... in schools and 1-2 year students of universities. The sample is a quota sample with the control of age, type of settlement, and region of residence. The information was collected using the questionnaire method in the following federal subjects: Zabaykalsky Krai, the Republic of Buryatia, Primorsky Krai, and Kamchatka Krai. The survey data facilitated identification of the level of awareness of young people of the projects of the state youth policy and its assessment by them. There have also been determined preferred formats of the youth interaction with the state and the desired state support for young people. The authors come to the conclusion that there is lack of awareness of this issue among young people. Schoolchildren and students of the Far Eastern Federal District have little experience of participating in projects and programs of the state youth policy, estimate it low and have little idea about it. At the same time, the studied segment of young people demonstrates their readiness to cooperate with the state about education, employment and accommodation of young people. One of the key tasks of the state youth policy, when interacting with young people, is to involve reference persons and communication channels to increase the awareness of students about currently implemented projects and programs.
Read more

The set of Russian and foreign "state organizational structures" (SOrS), which provide support for the adoption and implementation of decisions on the development of bilateral relations between Russia and other countries, is considered. The role of the Internet sites of these SOrS is substantiated i ... n ensuring the availability of information about their activities, its distribution, information support of international, Russian and foreign organizations, citizens of Russia and other countries referred to the "Big Caspian". The general features of the construction and content of the sites of the considered state organizational structures are described, their most important webometric characteristics are compared. Information about their "representation" in social networks is provided. The characteristics of the methodology for assessing the "intensity" of queries performed by users to the main search engines of the Internet, as well as the results issued for queries in Russian, English and national languages. the information about the available "cartographic material" related to the spatial location of the considered countries in Russia and abroad has been analyzed; the main categories of individuals for whom such information is important are indicated. Recommendations are given on possible directions of using the studied information for the development of international relations between Russia and other countries.
Read more

The article examines the crisis provoked by the era of strategic instability. The onset of social Darwinian postmodernism is leading humanity to a scale of moral impoverishment that has never been seen before. The peoples inhabiting the planet face the threat of a previously unseen scale - to slide ... into archaism. The rule of the norm is undermined by more and more temptations everywhere. In addition, the world is faced with a new type of danger, a viral pandemic, which in the future can call into question the existence of man as a species. The above makes us think seriously and start looking for ways out of the crisis. At all times, tradition and religion have been the best means of salvation for people. The theory of cultural-historical types by N. Danilevsky possesses not only a prophetic gift, but is also that necessary guide on the way to the right. It was N. Danilevsky who was the first to loudly declare the importance of civilizations for all mankind. The author of "Russia and Europe" proposes an original development without "looking back" at other people's means of progress. N. Danilevsky, realizing the importance of faith for the life of peoples and civilizations, especially singled out religion in a number of three other cultural activities of civilizations in the narrow sense. Today it is difficult to overestimate the potential of N. Danilevsky's work, since the states of civilization truly reach the heights in all endeavors. The object of the article is the theory of cultural-historical types by N. Danilevsky, the subject is the methodological potential of the author's theory.
Read more

The article examines the Russian and foreign experience of granting electoral rights to foreign citizens. As part of the study of the Russian peculiarities of electoral law, it was noted that at the present stage, foreigners could vote only at the municipal level on a par with the citizens of the Ru ... ssian Federation, however, an important condition is the presence of concluded bilateral international treaties. In addition, foreigners must reside in the territory of a municipality for a long period. In addition, it was noted that in the post-Soviet space, the adjacent rules of permission to elect and be elected, as in the case of Russia, are generally observed. Because of the study of the characteristic features of the electoral law of foreign states, it was revealed that in most democratic European states, foreigners are granted active suffrage in local elections, however, only subject to the relevant requirements enshrined in the laws of each country. Despite this, at the present stage there are states that allow foreign citizens to take part in federal elections. Thus, New Zealand was named one of the most inclusive countries providing broad electoral rights.
Read more

The article analyzes the dialectic of the three most important factors of identification of a person and society - political, ethnic and confessional. They are always inextricably intertwined, but they interact especially closely in the North Caucasus. Attention is drawn to the inadmissibility of un ... derestimating any of them and to the harmfulness of various extremes in the action. It is proved, that the influence of religion on ethno-social processes in certain spheres is manifested with varying degrees of intensity. Religious influence is least noticeable in the financial and economic sphere, since it mainly operates universal and national mechanisms. Some ways of optimizing confessional ethnic and social interaction at the present stage are listed. Among the objective and subjective reasons, that hinder the harmonization of interaction between ethnic, political and religious processes in the region, the lack of stable democratic traditions and civil society institutions is indicated; social and property polarization among various social strata, which leads to the practical absence of the «middle» class, which is a reliable support of society and the state; deformations in the social structure, primarily associated which a significant decrease in the share of the Russian and Russian-speaking population.
Read more

In the modern world, the political reality begins to amaze the outside observer and analyst more and more with its extreme unpredictability, illogicality, and inconsistency. Politicians fight with each other in the virtual space, competing and striving for power with some kind of «windmills». Moreov ... er, the more tension in their struggle, the more the carnival political culture is clearly visible from all sides. The growth of carnival nature in political structures is accompanied by the loss of professionalism (competencies) by the elites, a sense of proportion, and responsibility. The political world that we now observe in Western communities is a cracking-down on all classical forms of politics, is a detraction of the dignity of the entire political class and the public as a whole. Finally, it is disrespect for academic political science whose laws are not just violated, but despised and ridiculed. One involuntarily creates the impression that all politics has fallen into some kind of fabulous «rabbit hole» described by Lewis Carroll in «Alice in Wonderland». This entrance opens the world of otherworldly political reality, turned inside out and with meanings and values turned up to their complete perversion. But in this world there are many politicians and they even feel good in it. The analysis and description of this being is the subject matter of this work.
Read more

This article examines the definition of political caricature in modern realities, notes its characteristic features, functions and scope of functioning. In addition, the author analyzes the importance of political caricature as a means of communication between the government and society. The article ... reveals the images of Russian and American political elites in the field of view of the authors of cartoons, their features and influence on the image of the state. In the framework of the study of Russian political elites, special attention is paid to the image of V. Putin and D. Medvedev, their relationship and the influence of the USSR on the modern interpretation of the political reality of Russia in foreign cartoons. The study of the image of D. Trump is based on the evolutionary features of his policy. The main significant events that influenced the image of the political leader and their reflection in the political caricature of the state are considered. In addition, a special interest in the study of the image of D. Trump in modern political cartoons is based on the fact that the political elite was directly connected with the Capitoline riot in early 2021. In this regard, this paper also analyzes the impact of this event on the modern political caricature.
Read more

The article is devoted to the political and economic analysis of the role and place of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in the development of the Eurasian space. Consolidation of interaction with the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) form a ne ... w architecture in Eurasia, and the vector of the progressive development of the modern world economic order. The Union is viewed as a middle Eurasian space, within which the Great Eurasian Partnership and its mega-development projects are being formed. The consolidation of the efforts of the EAEU and the SCO fills the integration processes with new content, dividing the Eurasian space into two macro levels: the inner contour - the EAEU, determined by the countries located in the post-Soviet space; the outer contour is the SCO, formed by the leading economies of the world (China, Russia, India) and the most significant geopolitical countries with pronounced independent development segments. The mechanisms for the dynamic development of the EAEU are Free Trade Zones (FTZs), the full-fledged creation of which forms a kind of regional and interregional integration arcs of international economic partnership. At the same time, new formats of economic cooperation are developing, acquiring the status EAEU-plus and the EAEU-two plus as a soft civilizational model of Eurasian integration. Accordingly, various integration arcs of economic partnership can be formed: the EAEU-plus arc, represented by independent (third) countries endowed with the status of a «candidate state for joining the union» and an «observer state at the EAEU» (first level arc); arc of the EAEU-two plus, representing independent (third) countries, endowed with the status of a «state party to the agreement on the free trade zone of the EAEU». Interpreting this norm, this group of subjects can also include international organizations (unions), which together represent the arc of the second level. The totality of various configurations of international relations form the basis for the conjugation of geopolitical and economic spaces of progressive states on different continents.
Read more

The article describes the scientific activities of a well-known Marxist scientist who worked at the University of Oxford and the University of California - Jaerald Allan Cohen. Raised by his parents in the spirit of Soviet Marxism, Cohen, despite all the changes in his views and doubts, remained fai ... thful to the teachings of Marxism. The peculiarity of Cohen's views is that he was interested in Marxism not as a political ideology or a theory of the development of society, but as an ethical teaching, which later significantly distinguished his views from the Soviet Marxists. And on its basis, he developed his own ethical social theory, which was based on three main postulates: egalitarianism, justice and values. It would seem that Marxism and bourgeois universities are incompatible, but Cohen managed not only to defend his Marxist, and later socialist views, but also to take a high position at the university and gain respect for his serious analytical work among colleagues and students. According to their recollections, Cohen was distinguished by his exactitude for the accuracy of the use of any terms, which made it possible to avoid ambiguity in the interpretation of any of them. Cohen's works are of considerable interest at the present time, so some of his articles have been collected in a collection and translated into Russian over the past few years.
Read more

The subject of the article is the cases of a change of religion and the possibility of such a change, discussed on Internet forums. The article focuses on the definition of this phenomenon and the identification of its key characteristic features. At the same time, it is noted that within the framew ... ork of religious themes, forums now allow you to move from traditional means of providing information to building a vertical of communication between users. The situation with the discussion of such topics on foreign Internet forums is somewhat different from Russian trends and has its own characteristics. In foreign forums, the genre of "personal testimony" is increasingly used, which consists in detailed stories about how a person turned to another God or turned away from him altogether, thereby accomplishing a religious transgression. The main reason that sounded in the personal testimonies that prompted the transgression is that the person learned something that he did not know before, and that turned out to be incompatible with his religious picture of the world. Personal stories play an additional role - to cheer up those who have lost their faith, but do not dare to declare it openly. Statements of members of the forum confirm that Network atheism continues to gain momentum, revealing the conflict of the transition process
Read more

This article examines the various points of view of domestic and foreign researchers about the place of virtual reality in the space of a modern person. The authors of the article give a generalized description of the concept of "virtual reality". Particular attention is paid to the phenomenon of el ... ectronic culture as a virtual form of expression, which in turn contributes to the creation of a single information space. The introduction of electronic culture is reflected in the life of modern society, since it affects the change in values and forms of interaction. The article reveals the problems of the influence of virtual technologies on the psychological state of a person, considers the transformation of the stylistic characteristics of individual thinking and the formation of a new individual consciousness, postclassical hyperconsciousness, and analyzes computer games, which are currently one of the most visual ways of entering virtual reality. A new ASMR technology is considered, which is actively developing in the Internet environment, which does not yet have a scientific basis, but is developing in the environment of network communities. As you can see, the virtual world is improving, becoming more and more popular and attractive for a modern person. At the same time, there is an increasing virtualization of consciousness. Thus, virtual technologies contribute to both the growth of human social activity, providing ample opportunities for self-expression and exchange of experience, and virtualization of consciousness, offering new variations of the attractiveness of the virtual world.
Read more

The monograph examines the position of "indigenous" Muslims in Eastern Europe. The difference in the approaches of states in relation to the descendants of the Tatars who settled in the countries of Eastern Europe on the example of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania is described. Almost all countries have ... their own special history of relations with the Muslim world. Islam persists as a factor in ethnic identity. The article considers the policy of the European Union, which obliges the EU countries to pursue a policy of accepting certain quotas from countries as "Syrian refugees". The article considers the tightening of antiimmigrant legislation in Eastern Europe and examples of negative attitudes towards this project.
Read more