Historical Analysis of the Objectification of Bodily Deviation as a Philosophical-Anthropological Phenomenon

Annotation

The problem of corporeality is relevant in various sciences, but recently, including in philosophical research, the issue of deviations in corporeality has become increasingly relevant. The purpose of this study is to analyze the history of the objectification of the problem of deviations in human physical development from a philosophical perspective. To achieve this goal, the dialectical method was applied, as well as the principle of universal connection and development, which facilitated a comprehensive analysis of various aspects of the problem under study. To analyze the relationship between corporeality and sociality, a socio-anthropological method was employed, and an analysis of the mutual influence of culture and society was carried out using sociocultural methodology. Some references to corporeal deviation were Fund already in ancient philosophy. Much attention is paid to the Middle Ages, when, traditionally, emphasis was placed on issues of Christian doctrine. A clear connection is traced between the understanding of physical ailments and faith in God. Western philosophers of the modern era emphasize the practical aspects of therapy, correction, re-education, and the possibility of educating children with certain developmental disabilities, as well as the importance of a systematic philosophical understanding of physical disabilities. The works of K. Marx and F. Engels note the influence of socio-economic factors; F. Nietzsche criticizes correction methods; K. Jaspers, A. Camus, and J.-P. Sartre focuses on the existential meaning of developmental disabilities and the connection between their elimination and the desire for authentic being. In psychoanalysis, Z. Freud, A. Adlerian, W. Reich, and O. Rank analyze the connection between the human self-image and its corporeality. The central problem of M. Foucault's cultural philosophical discourse is human corporeality, and modern bioethical philosophy analyzes the moral problems of using technology to improve the human body. Based on a historical analysis of abnormal corporeality, it is concluded that throughout the development of philosophical knowledge, changes have occurred in the understanding of the meaning of bodily dysfunction, the factors that cause it, and society's assessment of people with physical disabilities. In contemporary research, the problem of corporeal deviation has become relevant and continues to be interpreted from new perspectives.

Keywords

• corporeality
• body deviation
• developmental deviation
• philosophical understanding
• testing
• suffering
• causes
• factors
• correction
• treatment
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