Trade Between the Inner (Bukeyev) Horde and Neighboring Regions in the First Half of the 19th Century

Annotation

In the first half of the 19th century, Khan Bukey resettled the Kazakhs under his control from the Junior Zhuz to the area between the Volga and Ural rivers, which led to the emergence of the Bukey (or Inner) Horde as part of the Russian Empire, on its internal territory. This event led to the emergence of interethnic ties, especially in border areas, where trade and economic contacts arose between populations of different economic and cultural affiliations: sedentary agricultural population and nomadic. Being surrounded by Russian provinces, from the moment of the formation of the Horde, these ties were formed and developed, as did trade relations with the assistance of the Russian authorities and the Kazakh elite led by the khans, who ruled the Inner Horde in the first half of the 19th century. In the framework of trade and socio-cultural relations, it is worth highlighting such events as fairs. In the 19th century, fairs played a major informational and cultural role, especially interethnic ones, where foreign-language traders and buyers came. The purpose of this article is to examine the process of formation and development of trade relations between the Bukeyev Horde and the Jewish provinces, highlighting the key stages of evolution from barter to the fair system and determining the geography of trading points. The study is based on the analysis of a wide range of sources, including works by pre-revolutionary scholars (A. I. Levshin, Ya. V. Khanikov, P. I. Nebolsin), documents from the funds of the State Archive of the Astrakhan Region, as well as achievements of modern historiography. Historical-genetic, historical-comparative, and structural-systemic methods were applied, which made it possible to identify the key stages and factors of trade development.

Keywords

• nomadic cattle breeding
• Bukey Kazakhs
• Inner Horde
• trade
• fairs
• trading posts
• Khan Jangir
• Russian Empire
• Astrakhan
• economic integration
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