The role of land reclamation in the socio-economic development of the nomadic peoples of the South of Russia (middle 1920s–1930s).

Annotation

The study examines the historical experience of the development of melioration in the territories inhabited by nomadic and semi-nomadic peoples – Kalmyks, Astrakhan Kazakhs, Nogais, Stavropol Turkmens during the period of collectivization of the country's agriculture. The purpose of the article is to study the role of land reclamation in the socio-economic development of the nomads of the South of Russia. The article is written on the basis of archival materials extracted from the Russian State Archive of Economics, the National archive of the Republic of Kalmykia, the State Archive of the Saratov Region, the State Archive of the Recent History of the Stavropol Territory. The archival documents involved in the process of research made it possible to conclude that the introduction of land reclamation technologies into the economic life of the nomadic peoples was of a progressive nature, radically changing the centuries-old way of life of the nomads. But it was not without mistakes and excesses. Thus, party and state bodies in nomadic regions, due to the lack of relevant knowledge and experience, often could not ensure the organization of work in the field of land reclamation at the proper level, and meet the strict deadlines for their implementation. But, despite the difficulties, the implementation of reclamation work made it possible to introduce into agricultural circulation significant areas of previously empty lands, increase the productivity of agricultural crops, instill a culture of agriculture in yesterday's nomads, get a reliable source of fodder for livestock, Permanent settlements began to be built on irrigated lands, contributing to the settlement nomadic population and introducing it to new forms of management

Keywords

• South of Russia
• Northern Caspian region
• nomads
• nomadic society
• state policy
• agriculture
• natural and climatic factor
• land reclamation
• irrigation
• animal husbandry
• agriculture
• sedentary lifestyle
* click on a keyword to go to the search

Contribution of the authors

Vinogradov S. V. — development of the research concept, substantiation of the purpose of the article; revision of the text; final conclusions; Erdneeva B. A. — work on identifying sources, preparation of the source text.

Acknowledgments

The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Project № 22-18-00313 “Transformation of nomadic societies of the South of Russia in the context of natural and factors (XIX – mid XX centuries)” (https://rscf.ru/project/22-18-00313/).

References

1. Aleksandrovskaya, L. I. Sotsio-ekologo-ekonomicheskiye aspekty ispolzovaniya meliorirovannykh zemel v sovremennykh usloviyakh [Socio-ecological and economic aspects of the use of reclaimed lands in modern conditions]. Ekonomika i ekologiya territorialnykh obrazovaniy [Economics and ecology of territorial entities]. 2017, no. 3 (2), pp. 111–114. doi: 10.23947/2413-1474-2017-3-111-115.
2. Badmayeva, Ye. N., Erdneyeva, B. A. Prirodno-klimaticheskiye usloviya territorii i zemledeliye v Kalmykii (1917–1925) [Natural and climatic conditions of the territory and agriculture in Kalmykia (1917–1925)]. Genesis: istoricheskiye issledovaniya [Genesis: historical research]. 2022, no. 9, pp. 111–122.
3. Glukhov, I. K. Ot patriarkhalshchiny k sotsializmu [From patriarchy to socialism]. Astrakhan: Kalmizdat; 1926, 267 p.
4. State Archive of the Recent History of the Stavropol Region (GANISK). Found 1, inventory 1, case 482.
5. State archive of the Saratov Region (GASO). Found 841, inventory 1, case 3.
6. Dokuchayev, V. V. Raboty v oblasti geologii [Works in the field of geology]. Moscow, Leningrad: AS USSR; 1949, 495 p.
7. Zakharov, A. V., Efimova, E. A. Razvitiye melioratsii v gody sovetskoy modernizatsii: istoricheskiy opyt i uroki [The development of land reclamation during the years of Soviet modernization: historical experience and lessons]. Promyshlennost: ekonomika, upravlenie, tekhnologii [Industry: economics, management, technology]. 2014, no. 2, pp. 129–133.
8. Kostyakov, A. N. Osnovy melioratsiy [Fundamentals of land reclamation]. Moscow: Book on Demand; 2014, 746 p
9. Kurchenko, I. E. Obvalovaniye uchastkov Volgo-Akhtubinskoy doliny [Embankment of sections of the Volga-Akhtuba valley]. Astrakhan: Volga; 1949, 108 p.
10. National Archives of the Republic of Kalmykia (NA RK). Found. I-3, inventory 2, case 1114.
11. NA RK. Found I-3, inventory 2, case 1923.
12. NA RK. Found I-26, inventory 1, case 203.
13. NA RK. Found I-131, inventory 1, case 151.
14. NA RK. Found I-131, inventory 1, case 26.
15. Perspektivy kolonizatsionnoy raboty v Povolzhye [Prospects for colonization work in the Volga region]. Saratov: Sarpoligrafprom; 1925, iss. 2, part special, 218 p.
16. Postanovleniye Soveta Truda i Oborony “O borbe s zasukhoy” [Decree of the Council of Labor and Defense “On the fight against drought”]. Sobranie uzakoneniy i rasporyazheniy pravitelstva za 1921 g. [Collection of legalizations and government orders for 1921]. Moscow: Administration of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR; 1944, pp. 489–491.
17. Pravilo ob ustroystve kanav i drugikh vodoprovodnykh sooruzheniy na chuzhikh zemlyakh dlya osushitelnykh, orositelnykh i obvodnitelnykh tseley [Rule on the arrangement of ditches and other waterworks on foreign lands for drainage, irrigation and watering purposes]. Odessa: “Slav.” typography E. Chrysogelos; 1903, 8 p.
18. Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv ekonomiki (RGAE). Found 478, inventory 1, case 1422.
19. RGAE. Found. 478, inventory 5, case 2690.
20. Timofeev, Ye. Problema pustyni [The problem of the desert]. Narodnoe khozyaystvo Kazakhstana [National economy of Kazakhstan]. 1929, no. 8–9, pp. 65–73.
Read more

Popular articles