kaspyTHE CASPIAN REGION: politics, economics, culture1818-510XАстраханский государственный университет им. В. Н. Татищева227210.54398/1818510Х_2023_3_3994(470)“16/18”Labor migration in the structure of the industrial and fishing economy of the Volga-Caspian fishing region in the late 19th – early 20th centuries: social and economic aspectsLabor migration in the structure of the industrial and fishing economy of the Volga-Caspian fishing region in the late 19th – early 20th centuries: social and economic aspectshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-4363VinogradovSergey V.VinogradovSergey V.dissovetdm@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0363-2797KulakovaNataliya I.KulakovaNataliya I.vol-na1986@yandex.ruAstrakhan Tatishchev State UniversityAstrakhan Tatishchev State UniversityAstrakhan Tatishchev State UniversityAstrakhan Tatishchev State University13022024339530506202330062023https://kaspy.asu-edu.ru/en/archive/2023/issue/3/article/2272https://kaspy.asu-edu.ru/storage/kaspy/archive/3(76)/39-53.pdf

The article studies the social effects of the implementation of state migration policy using the example of such population groups as industrial workers, small entrepreneurs and catchers, who mainly became those who arrived in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. migrants. The sources underlying this study were archival documents on the history of migration to the Volga-Caspian Fishing Region (VKRR) from the funds of the State Archives of the Astrakhan Region, regulatory documents from the Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire related to the topic under study, various materials and statistical data, published by researchers of the Volga-Caspian fishery in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. Based on the material studied, the authors come to the conclusion that the social consequences of state migration policy during the period under study were contradictory. On the one hand, legislative changes in fishing rules undertaken by the government in the mid-1860s, against the background of the abolition of serfdom, led to a significant surge in labor migration to the region and, accordingly, the growth of unauthorized settlements in the lower reaches of the Volga and on the coast of the Caspian Sea, where catchers and fishing workers settled. On the other hand, the authorities, despite many years of efforts, were unable to legalize such settlements, thereby creating many social problems for their residents. The activities of government structures in the legislative sphere were in-consistent and contradictory. Using the legally controversial provisions of the Charter of the Caspian fisheries and sealing industries of May 25, 1865, large fishing companies, having bought up fisheries in the lower reaches of the Volga, became monopolists in the industrial production of the most valuable species of fish, in particular, Caspian herring. The government, although it struggled with a similar situation in the fishing industry, for example, by encouraging competition through supporting boat fishing, which was accessible to the poor, was nevertheless unable to cope with fishing monopolies and their negative impact on the development of fishing

The article studies the social effects of the implementation of state migration policy using the example of such population groups as industrial workers, small entrepreneurs and catchers, who mainly became those who arrived in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. migrants. The sources underlying this study were archival documents on the history of migration to the Volga-Caspian Fishing Region (VKRR) from the funds of the State Archives of the Astrakhan Region, regulatory documents from the Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire related to the topic under study, various materials and statistical data, published by researchers of the Volga-Caspian fishery in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. Based on the material studied, the authors come to the conclusion that the social consequences of state migration policy during the period under study were contradictory. On the one hand, legislative changes in fishing rules undertaken by the government in the mid-1860s, against the background of the abolition of serfdom, led to a significant surge in labor migration to the region and, accordingly, the growth of unauthorized settlements in the lower reaches of the Volga and on the coast of the Caspian Sea, where catchers and fishing workers settled. On the other hand, the authorities, despite many years of efforts, were unable to legalize such settlements, thereby creating many social problems for their residents. The activities of government structures in the legislative sphere were in-consistent and contradictory. Using the legally controversial provisions of the Charter of the Caspian fisheries and sealing industries of May 25, 1865, large fishing companies, having bought up fisheries in the lower reaches of the Volga, became monopolists in the industrial production of the most valuable species of fish, in particular, Caspian herring. The government, although it struggled with a similar situation in the fishing industry, for example, by encouraging competition through supporting boat fishing, which was accessible to the poor, was nevertheless unable to cope with fishing monopolies and their negative impact on the development of fishing

Caspian SeaVolgaVolga-Caspian fishing areaAstrakhanmigrationmigrantentrepreneurmonopolistfisheriesfishhuntingfishingCaspian SeaVolgaVolga-Caspian fishing areaAstrakhanmigrationmigrantentrepreneurmonopolistfisheriesfishhuntingfishingthis work has been supported by the grants the Russian Science Foundation № 23-28-00547 “Model of regulation of labor migration in the Russian Empire in 1861-1914 (by the example of the formation of industrial and commercial clusters of the Volga-Caspian fishing region)”, https://rscf.ru/en/project/23-28-00547/.this work has been supported by the grants the Russian Science Foundation № 23-28-00547 “Model of regulation of labor migration in the Russian Empire in 1861-1914 (by the example of the formation of industrial and commercial clusters of the Volga-Caspian fishing region)”, https://rscf.ru/en/project/23-28-00547/.Amaeva, D. V. 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Found 194, inventory 1, case 966.GAAO. Found 194, inventory 1, case 987.GAAO. Found 194, inventory 1, case 987.GAAO. Found 194, inventory 1, case 1040.GAAO. Found 194, inventory 1, case 1040.GAAO. Found 194, inventory 1, case 1125.GAAO. Found 194, inventory 1, case 1125.GAAO. Found 194, inventory 1, case 1162.GAAO. Found 194, inventory 1, case 1162.GAAO. Found 673, inventory 1, case 5.GAAO. Found 673, inventory 1, case 5.GAAO. Found 673, inventory 1, case 7.GAAO. Found 673, inventory 1, case 7.GAAO. Found 673, inventory 1, case 8.GAAO. Found 673, inventory 1, case 8.GAAO. Found 675, inventory 1, case 16.GAAO. Found 675, inventory 1, case 16.GAAO. Found 677, inventory 1, case 624.GAAO. Found 677, inventory 1, case 624.GAAO. Found 677, inventory 7, case 196.GAAO. Found 677, inventory 7, case 196.Eshchenko, Yu. G., Krasnozhenova, Ye. Ye. 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