kaspyTHE CASPIAN REGION: politics, economics, culture1818-510XАстраханский государственный университет им. В. Н. Татищева219510.54398/1818510X_2022_4_2294(470)”16/18”Agricultural experiments on Tinguta at the end of the XIXth centuryAgricultural experiments on Tinguta at the end of the XIXth centuryhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1538-8429ShurguchievaJulia S.ShurguchievaJulia S.sidorkina.yuliya.20@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9014-4910BatyrovValery V.BatyrovValery V.valerabatyrov@yandex.ruKalmyk State University named after B. B. GorodovikovKalmyk State University named after B. B. GorodovikovKalmyk State University named after B. B. GorodovikovKalmyk State University named after B. B. Gorodovikov13032023422251007202230092022https://kaspy.asu-edu.ru/en/archive/2022/issue/4/article/2195https://kaspy.asu-edu.ru/storage/kaspy/archive/4(73)/22-25.pdf

The Kalmyk steppe, in terms of its geographical location and natural and climatic conditions, is included in the zone of risky agriculture, which predetermined the main direction of the economic development of the autochthonous population - extensive cattle breeding. However, at the beginning of the XIX century. the process of integration of the region into the general imperial space led to the first attempts in the field of agriculture. The study of the historical experience of the development of agriculture in an arid territory is relevant at the present stage. The subject of this article is agricultural experiments on the Tingutinsky irrigated area, located in the northern part of the Maloderbetovsky ulus of the Kalmyk steppe of the Astrakhan province. In the course of the analysis of documentary materials introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, from the funds of the Russian State Historical Archive, the author focuses on attempts to cultivate crops on Tingut. In conclusion, it was concluded that the implementation of experimental measures in the field of irrigated agriculture in the arid territories of the Kalmyk steppe was not only of a scientific and practical nature, but also acted as one of the ways to integrate the local nomadic population into the all-Russian space. However, they showed that the policy of transferring the nomadic population to settled life requires a more comprehensive approach focused on improving the well-being of the population. Its individual events cannot contribute to a change in the centuries-old established way of life, regulated by traditions and customs that have proven their worth in practice.

The Kalmyk steppe, in terms of its geographical location and natural and climatic conditions, is included in the zone of risky agriculture, which predetermined the main direction of the economic development of the autochthonous population - extensive cattle breeding. However, at the beginning of the XIX century. the process of integration of the region into the general imperial space led to the first attempts in the field of agriculture. The study of the historical experience of the development of agriculture in an arid territory is relevant at the present stage. The subject of this article is agricultural experiments on the Tingutinsky irrigated area, located in the northern part of the Maloderbetovsky ulus of the Kalmyk steppe of the Astrakhan province. In the course of the analysis of documentary materials introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, from the funds of the Russian State Historical Archive, the author focuses on attempts to cultivate crops on Tingut. In conclusion, it was concluded that the implementation of experimental measures in the field of irrigated agriculture in the arid territories of the Kalmyk steppe was not only of a scientific and practical nature, but also acted as one of the ways to integrate the local nomadic population into the all-Russian space. However, they showed that the policy of transferring the nomadic population to settled life requires a more comprehensive approach focused on improving the well-being of the population. Its individual events cannot contribute to a change in the centuries-old established way of life, regulated by traditions and customs that have proven their worth in practice.

Kalmyk steppeTingutaarid territoryirrigationagricultural culturehorticulturecottonexperimental farmexperimentssoil depletionKalmyk steppeTingutaarid territoryirrigationagricultural culturehorticulturecottonexperimental farmexperimentssoil depletionthe work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Project № 22-18-00313 “Transformation of nomadic societies of the South of Russia in the context of natural and factors (XIX – mid XX centuries)”.the work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Project № 22-18-00313 “Transformation of nomadic societies of the South of Russia in the context of natural and factors (XIX – mid XX centuries)”.Badmaeva, E. N. 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